DATA COMMUNICATION

DATA COMMUNICATION

 Data Communication is the exchange of data (in the form

of O’s and 1s) between two devices via some form of

transmission medium (such as a wire cable).

 TYPES OF DATA COMMUNICATION

Data Communication is considered

 Local – if the communicating device are in the same

building.

 Remote – if the device are farther apart.

 THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DATA
AND INFORMATION

 Data: Data is raw, unorganized facts that need to be processed. Data

can be something simple and seemingly random and useless until it is
organized.

 Information: When data is processed, organized, structured or

presented in a given context so as to make it useful, it is called
information.
FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
DATA COMMUNICATION

The effectiveness of a data communication system depends on four characteristics.

 Delivery: The system must deliver data to the correct destination.

 Accuracy: The system must deliver data accurately.

 Timeliness: The system must deliver data in a timely manner.

 Jitter : Jitter refers to the variation in packet arrival time.

COMPONENTS OF DATA
COMMUNICATION
FIVE COMPONENT OF DATA COMMUNICATION
 THE MESSAGE

 This is the information (Data) to be communicated; it may

be an image, text, number, Audio, or Video.

 THE SENDER

The sender is device or person that sends the data. It can be

sent using a computer, telephone, or camera.

 THE RECEIVER

 The receiver is device or person that receives the data. It

can be received whether by using a telephone, computer,

television.
 TRANSMISSION MEDIA

 The physical path by which massage travel from source to

destination (sender to receiver) example –twisted pair,

coaxial cable, fiber optic, radio waves.

 PROTOCOL

 A protocol is set of rules that govern data communication.

 It provide agreement between sender and receiver devices

 DATA FLOW

1. Simplex : Communication is unidirectional i.e. TV signal

2. Half Duplex : Either direction but only one way at a time

i.e. waki toki

3. Full Duplex : Both direction at same time. i.e. Phone

WHAT IS A COMPUTER NETWORK?

 A Computer network is a number of computers

interconnected by one or more transmission paths

 The transmission path often is the telephone line, due to its

convenience and universal preserve.
 TYPES OF CONNECTION

 Point to Point
A dedicated link is provided between two devices.

 Multipoint
More than two specific devices share a single link
 TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL DATA
1. Baseband Transmission
• Baseband transmissions typically use digital signaling over a single wire; the
transmissions themselves take the form of either electrical pulses or light.
The digital signal used in baseband transmission occupies the entire
bandwidth of the network media to transmit a single data signal. Baseband
communication is bidirectional, allowing computers to both send and receive
data using a single cable. However, the sending and receiving cannot occur
on the same wire at the same time.
• Example: LAN
• Using baseband transmissions, it is possible to transmit multiple signals on a
single cable by using a process known as multiplexing. Baseband uses Time-
Division Multiplexing (TDM), which divides a single channel into time
slots. 
 TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL DATA

2. Broadband Transmission
• Whereas baseband uses digital signaling, broadband uses analog signals in the
form of optical or electromagnetic waves over multiple transmission frequencies.
For signals to be both sent and received, the transmission media must be split into
two channels. Alternatively, two cables can be used: one to send and one to
receive transmissions.
• Multiple channels are created in a broadband system by using a multiplexing
technique known as Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM). FDM allows
broadband media to accommodate traffic going in different directions on a single
media at the same time.
• Example: Broadband line through dial-up mode.
 BASIS FOR BASEBAND
BROADBAND TRANSMISSION
COMPARISON TRANSMISSION
Type of signaling Digital Analog
used

Application Work well with bus Used with a bus as well as tree topology.
topology.

Encoding Used Manchester and PSK encoding.

Differential
Manchester encoding.

Transmission Bidirectional Unidirectional

Signal range Signals can be Signals can be travelled over long distances
travelled over short without being attenuated.
distances
THANK YOU