THEME :

MAINTENANCE AND
CONTINUITY OF LIFE.
TOPICS : COLON CANCER.
GROUP MEMBER:
AMMAR DARWIS BIN
KHAIRUDDIN.
MUHAMMAD AZFAR BIN
M0HD FAUZI.
CONTENT Page
 What is cancer?3
 What is colon cancer? 4
 Symptoms and causes 5
 Stages of colon cancer 6
 Factors that increase 9

the risk of colon cancer

 Lifestyle to reduce risk 10
 Name of treatment 11
 Quiz 12
 Reference 13
WHAT IS CANCER?
 Cancer is a group diseases involving
abnormal cell growth with the potential
to invade or spread to other parts of the
body.
WHAT IS COLON CANCER?
 A type of cancer that begin in the large
intestine (colon).
 It can happen any age.Usually it will
affect older adults.
 Begin as small noncancerous clumps of
cell called polyps that form inside the
colon.
 Over time,the polyps can become colon
cancers.
SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES.
 A persistent change in your bowel habits,
including diarrhea or constipation or a change
in the consistency of your stool
 Rectal bleeding or blood in your stool
 Persistent abdominal discomfort, such as
cramps, gas or pain
 A feeling that your bowel doesn't empty
completely
 Weakness or fatigue
 Unexplained weight loss
STAGES OF COLON
CANCERS
STAGE 1
 Cancer has spread into the intestinal
wall,through the mucosa and into the
submucosa.
STAGE 2
 Cancer has spread into the outmost layers of the
colon or rectum,but has not spread out of it.
 Cancer has spread past the wall out of the colon
or rectum,but has not spread into the surrouding
tissue,organs or lymph nodes.
 Cancer has spread past the wall out of the
colon or rectum,and has spread into the
surrouding tissues or organs,but has not spread
to nearby lymph nodes ot distant organs.
STAGE 3
 Cancer has spread past the wall of the colon or rectum,and may
have grown into the muscle.Cancer has spread to up three lymph
nodes near the site of the primary tumour.
 Cancer has spread past the outmost layer of the colon or
rectum,and may have spread into nearby organs or
tissues.Cancer has spread to up to three lymph nodes near the
original site,but has not spread to distant organs.
 Cancer has spread past the outermost layer of the colon or
rectum,and may have spread to four or more lymph nodes near
the original site.Cancer has also spread to nearby organs.
STAGE 4
 Cancer may or may not have spread past the outermost layer of
the colon or rectum,or even nearby lymph nodes,but it has spread
to one different organ.
 Cancer may or may not have spread past the outermost layer of
the colon or rectum,or even nearby lymph nodes,but it has spread
to more than one different organ.
FACTORS THAT INCREASE THE RISK
OF COLON CANCER.
 Obesity
 Lifestyle
 Older age
 A personal history of colorectal cancer
or polyps
 Family history of colon cancer
 Inflammatory intestinal conditions
LIFESTYLE TO REDUCE
RISK
 Eat a variety of fruits, vegetables and
whole grains
 Exercise most days of the week
 Stop smoking
 Maintain a healthy weight
NAME OF TREATMENT
 Colon surgery
 Radiotherapy
 Cheomotherapy
 Halcyon Radiotherapy System
QUIZ
What is colon cancer?

How many stages are there in

colon cancer ?

What should be done

And not to prevent
Colon cancer?
REFERENCE
 https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/un
derstanding/what-is-cancer
 
 https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/col
orectal-cancer/stages
 
 https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-con
ditions/colon-cancer/symptoms-causes/s
yc-20353669#:~:text=Colon%20cancer
%20is%20a%20type,can%20happen%2
0at%20any%20age
THANK YOU