PROCESS / TECHNIQUES OF

SEPARATING MIXTURES
 DRILL

Identify the following mixtures.

Write solution, suspension or colloid
1. Flour and water
2. Mayonnaise
3. Sugar and water
4. Paint
5. Sand and water
 REVIEW

How do you differentiate

solution, suspension and
colloid?
PROCESS/TECHNIQUES
OF
SEPARATING
MIXTURES
1. Decantation is a technique used to
separate a liquid from an insoluble solid
or another liquid with different density.
 a process of pouring off the lighter
liquid out of heavier liquid
Decanting:
To pour off a liquid, leaving
another liquid or solid behind.
Takes advantage of differences
in density.

Example: To decant a liquid from a

precipitate or water from rice.
Example of Decantation
Precipitate – the solid or liquid
remains in the container

Decant / Supernatant
- undesired liquid removed
from the precipitate
2. Evaporation is used to separate a
soluble solid from a liquid
 the process involves heating the
mixture to achieve the boiling point of
the liquid
 once this point is reached, the
liquid turns into vapor, leaving the
solid behind
Evaporation
3. Filtration is the process of separating
solid substances from a liquid through the
use of a filter paper or any cloths that can
be used as a filtering medium.
residue – solid particles that remain or left
behind the filter paper
filtrate – liquid that passes through the
filter paper
These solid residues are
trapped by the filter paper or
cloth, which allow the liquid
substances to pass through in
the process.
4. Sifting or Sieving- is used to separate
smaller solid particles from larger solid
particles using strainer a sifter or a screen.

Compared to a filter paper, the holes in a

strainer are much bigger. This procedure can
be observed when construction workers
separate fine sane from rocks
5. Magnetism/Using Magnet is a
process of separating mixtures
which involves using a magnet to
attract magnetic object away from
the object it is in.
This separation technique can be useful in
mining iron (the most abundant metal on
earth) as it is attracted to a magnet.

Iron ores are rocks from which metallic iron can be

economically extracted. These rocks are usually
found in the form of hematite (Fe2O3) or magnetite
(Fe3O4). About 98% of world iron ore production
is used to make iron in the form of steel.
6. Picking and scooping is used
for mixtures whose components
are big enough to be
distinguished and picked apart.

One example if this is removing

seeds and small rocks from
uncooked rice.
 7. Simple Distillation
Distillation is used to separate a homogenous mixture
containing liquids with different boiling points. The
mixture is initially heated until liquid with the lower boiling
point evaporates.
The vapor produced will go through the condenser and
cooled. The liquid produced is called the distillate, and it
is collected at the end.
This process is used in distilling water to clean
it. Additionally, it is also used in the process of
making alcohol.
Practical Uses of Distillation
1. Distillation is widely used in laboratories. It is used regularly in
chemical and pharmaceutical research and tests for quality of
products.
2. Water uses distillation to remove impurities present in water from
natural resources .
3. Distillation is employed in the manufacture of different kinds of
alcoholic beverages such as rum, whisky and brandy.
4. Oil refineries use distillation to separate petrol and diesel from
crude oil.
5. Distillation is used to extract the aromatic essential oils from
various plants and herbs which are used to make perfumes.
6. Natural food flavorings like citrus oils and liquid extracts from
different herbs and spices are results of the use of steam distillation.
8. Chromatography is a
technique of separating
two or more dissolved
solids which are present
in a solution in very
small quantities.
 Formative Test

Identify the process of separating mixture described in each number.

1. Process of separating mixtures which involves the use of magnet.
2. It is used to separate the components of liquid or gas mixtures for
analysis and identification.
3. It is used to separate smaller solid particles from bigger solid
particles using a strainer.
4. The process of pouring off lighter liquid out of heavier liquid.
5. It is used to separate a homogenous mixture containing
liquids with different boiling points
Assignment

Answer Activity 1 and 2 Science

Module 4