UNIT 6: Database

Management System
• Introduction to database
• Types of database
• Database Management System (DBMS)
• Application of DBMS
 Introduction to database

 a structured set of data held in a computer, especially one that is accessible in various ways is known as a
database.

 A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can be easily accessed, managed and updated.

 Data is organized into rows, columns and tables, and it is indexed to make it easier to find relevant information.
Data gets updated, expanded and deleted as new information is added. Databases process workloads to create and
update themselves, querying the data they contain and running applications against it.
Types of database

1. Hierarchical databases

2. Network databases

3. Relational databases

4. Object-oriented databases

5. ER model databases

6. Document databases
 Hierarchical Databases

 In a hierarchical database management systems

(hierarchical DBMSs) model, data is stored in a parent-
children relationship nodes. In a hierarchical database,
besides actual data, records also contain information about
their groups of parent/child relationships. 

 In a hierarchical database model, data is organized into a

tree like structure. The data is stored in form of collection
of fields where each field contains only one value.
 Network database

 Network database management systems (Network DBMSs)

use a network structure to create relationship between
entities. Network databases are mainly used on a large
digital computers. Network databases are hierarchical
databases but unlike hierarchical databases where one node
can have one parent only, a network node can have
relationship with multiple entities. A network database
looks more like a cobweb or interconnected network of
records.
 Relational databases

 In relational database management systems (RDBMS), the relationship

between data is relational and data is stored in tabular form of columns
and rows. Each column if a table represents an attribute and each row in
a table represents a record. Each field in a table represents a data value.

 Structured Query Language (SQL) is a the language used to query a

RDBMS including inserting, updating, deleting, and searching records. 

 Relational databases work on each table has a key field that uniquely
indicates each row, and that these key fields can be used to connect one
table of data to another.
 Object-oriented databases

 In this Model we have to discuss the functionality of the

object oriented Programming. It takes more than
storage of programming language objects. Object
DBMS's increase the semantics of the C++ and Java. It
provides full-featured database programming capability,
while containing native language compatibility. It adds
the database functionality to object programming
languages. 
ER Model Databases

 An ER model is typically implemented as a database. In a simple relational database

implementation, each row of a table represents one instance of an entity type, and each

field in a table represents an attribute type. In a relational database a relationship between

entities is implemented by storing the primary key of one entity as a pointer or "foreign

key" in the table of another entity.

 Database Management System(DBMS)

 A database management system (DBMS) is a collection of programs that enables you to

store, modify, and extract information from a database. There are many different types of

database management systems, ranging from small systems that run on personal

computers to huge systems that run on mainframes.

Advantage of the DBMS

 Controlling Redundancy

 Integrity can be enforced

 Inconsistency can be avoided

 Data can be shared

 Standards can be enforced

 Restricting unauthorized access

 Solving Enterprise Requirement than Individual Requirement

 Providing Backup and Recovery

 Cost of developing and maintaining system is lower

 Data Model can be developed

Disadvantage of the DBMS

 Complexity

 Size

 Higher impact of a failure

 Cost of DBMS

 additional Hardware costs

 Cost of Conversion
Application of the DBMS

 Computerized library systems

 Automated teller machines

 Flight reservation systems

 Computerized parts inventory systems