HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS

Rachelle M. Quinco
Batangas State University,
JPLPC Campus
Zoom Meeting , September 8, 2020 Tuesday 2:00 PM
What does STS mean ?
 Science and technology studies, or science, technology
and society studies (STS) is the study of how society,
politics, and culture affect scientific research and
technological innovation, and how these, in turn, affect
society, politics and culture.
What does STS mean ?
 STS is a relatively recent discipline, originating in
the 60s and 70s, following Kuhn’s The Structure of
Scientific Revolutions (1962).

 STS was the result of a “sociological turn” in

science studies.

 STS makes the assumption that science and

technology are essentially intertwined and that
they are each profoundly social and profoundly
political
What is Science?
• Body of knowledge
• Learning New Facts
What is Technology?
• Application of science and creation of systems, processes and objects designed to help humans in their daily
activities
• Technology: the human attempt to change the world . . . By creating products that can help people.
Science Vs Technology
Science Technology
 Deals with the natural world.  Deals with how humans
modify, change, alter, or
 Is very concerned with w h a t
control the natural world.
i s ( e x i s t s ) in the natural
world. (i.e.: Biology,  Is very concerned with what
Chemistry, Physics, can or should be designed,
Astronomy, Geology, etc.) made, or developed from
natural world materials and
substances to satisfy human
needs and wants
Society
• Society is the sum total of our interactions as humans
• It is also defined as a group of individuals involved in
persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing
the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to
the same political authority and dominant cultural
expectations (Science Daily).
Science Technology and Society
Roles of S & T
1. alter the way people live, connect, communicate and transact, with profound
effects on economic development;;
2. key drivers to development, because technological and scientific revolutions
underpin economic advances, improvements in health systems, education and
infrastructure;;
3. The technological revolutions of the 21st century are emerging from entirely new
sectors, based on micro-­processors, tele-­communications, bio-­technology and
nano-­technology. Products are transforming business practices across the
economy, as well as the lives of all who have access to their effects. The most
remarkable breakthroughs will come from the interaction of insights and
applications arising when these technologies converge.
4. have the power to better the lives of poor people in developing countries
5. differentiators between countries that are able to tackle poverty effectively by
growing and developing their economies, and those that are not.
6. engine of growth
7. interventions for cognitive enhancement, proton cancer therapy and genetic
engineering
How science and technology
affect the society?
 Science and technology have had a major impact
on society, and their impact is growing.

 By making life easier, science has given man the

chance to pursue societal concerns such as ethics,
aesthetics, education, and justice; to create
cultures; and to improve human conditions.

 Science influences society through its knowledge

and world view. Scientific knowledge and the
procedures used by scientists influence the way
many individuals in society think about
themselves, others, and the environment. The
effect of science on society is neither entirely
beneficial nor entirely detrimental.
How science can have an
effect on society?
 Science influences society through its knowledge
and world view. Scientific knowledge and the
procedures used by scientists influence the way
many individuals in society think about
themselves, others, and the environment.

 The effect of science on society is neither entirely

beneficial nor entirely detrimental
Reflection :
• With the whole world suffering from
COVID-19 discuss the interplay between
science, technology and society in
mitigating this problem
Historical Antecedents in the
World
Ancient to 600 B.C
 The Egyptian medicine was considered advanced as
compared with other ancient nations because of one of the
early inventions of Egyptian civilization – the papyrus.

 The papyrus is an ancient form of paper, made from the

papyrus plant, a reed which grows in the marshy areas
around the Nile river.

 Mesopotamians were making pottery using the first known

potter’s wheel
The Advent of Science 600 BC to 500 AD

 True Scientist
 Substantial advantage in scientific knowledge
 Foundation of Academy
Euclid
Erastosthenes
Aristarchus of Samos
Hipparchus
Archimedes
Islamic Golden Age

 adopted and preserved knowledge and

technologies from contemporary and earlier
civilizations
 Islamic science was characterized by having
practical purposes as well as the goal of
understanding.
 Progress in medicine
The Ancient Chine

 Gunpowder blew up the knightly class,

 Compass discovered the world market and found
the colonies,
 Printing press was the instrument of Protestantism
and the regeneration of science in general;; the
most powerful lever for creating the intellectual
prerequisites.”
The Renaissance (1300 AD – 1600AD)

 Golden Age of Science

 great advances occurred in geography,
astronomy, chemistry, physics, mathematics,
anatomy, manufacturing, and engineering.
 a Scientific Renaissance of the 15th and 16th
centuries, focused on the restoration of the natural
knowledge of the ancients
 Scientific Revolution of the 17th century, when
scientists shifted from recovery to innovation.
 There were no new developments in physics or
astronomy
 Nature came to be viewed as an animate spiritual
creation
 Development of printing, with movable metal type
The Renaissance (1300 AD – 1600AD)

 Block printing on wood

 Papermaking
 Flemish technique of oil painting
The Enlightenment Period (1715 A.D. to
1789 A.D.)
 radical reorientation in science
 This period produced numerous books, essays,
inventions, scientific discoveries, laws, wars and
revolutions
 “Principia Mathematica” (1686) and John Locke his
“Essay Concerning Human Understanding” (1689)
—two works that provided the scientific,
mathematical and philosophical toolkit for the
Enlightenment’s major advances.
Industrial Revolution (1760 -­1840)
 Metallurgical Industry
 Tailoring Of Alloy Steels
 Aniline Dyes
 Electricity And Magnet
 Refracting Telescope
 Machinery
 Spinning Jenny
 Airplane
 Automobile
 Internal Commission Engine
 Steam Engine
 Coal
 Petroleum
 Telegraph
 Radio
 Steam Ship
 Steam Locomotive
20th Century Science: Physics and
Information Age
 Twentieth century cosmology greatly improved
our knowledge of the place that man and his
planet occupy in the universe.
 semi-­conductor (transistor),
 developments in nanotechnology that led to great
advances in information technology.
 in nuclear physics the discovery of sub-­atomic
particles provided a great leap forward.
 DNA
 Organ Transplant
Science and Technology in the Fourth
Industrial Revolution
 The Fourth Industrial Revolution is a way of
describing the blurring of boundaries between the
physical, digital, and biological worlds. It’s a
fusion of advances in artificial intelligence (AI),
robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), 3D printing,
genetic engineering, quantum computing, and
other technologies.
Q2
 If given a chance to live back in time and
considering the influence of science and
technology in the society and the environment,
which period would you choose and why? Would
you prefer a less technologically driven society or
you wouldn’t trade the comforts of modern life?
 have made simple tools or
weapons
 pottery
 have learned how to extract, smelt
and refine metals like copper,
gold, bronze and iron from nature
and consequently fashion them
into tools and implements
 learned to settle in areas near the
water source, they also learned
how to weave cotton, engaged
themselves in agriculture and are
knowledgeable on building boats
for coastal trade.
 The Banaue Rice Terraces are
among the sophisticated products
of engineering by pre- Spanish era
Filipinos.
 Formal Education was introduced
 Established schools (University of Sto. Tomas
 1887, the Laboratorio Municipal de Ciudad de Manila was created and
whose functions were to conduct biochemical analyses for public
health and to undertake specimen examinations for clinical and
medico-­legal cases.
 Its publication, probably the first scientific journal in the country was
titled Cronica de Ciencias Medicas de Filipinas showed the studies
undertaken during that time. have made simple tools or weapons
 Forml Education was introduced
 Established schools (University of Sto. Tomas
 1887, the Laboratorio Municipal de Ciudad de Manila was created and
whose functions were to conduct biochemical analyses for public
health and to undertake specimen examinations for clinical and
medico-­legal cases.
 Its publication, probably the first scientific journal in the country was
titled Cronica de Ciencias Medicas de Filipinas showed the studies
undertaken during that time. have made simple tools or weapons
 The government provided more support for the development of
science and created the Bureau of Government Laboratories in and
was later changed to Bureau of Science.
 The publication of the Philippine Journal of Science
 The Bureau of Science became the primary research center of the
Philippines until World War II.
 In 1946 the Bureau of Science was replaced by the Institute
of Science
 In 1958, during the regime of President Carlos P. Garcia,
the Philippine Congress passed the Science Act of 1958
which established the National Science Development
Board (NSDB).
MARCOS REGIME
 Amended 1973 Philippine Constitution Article XV Section 9
 declared advancement in S&T
 January 23, 1967
 revitalize science courses in high school
 National Science Development Board
 established the Philippine Atomic Energy Commission
 Presidential Decree No. 49,s.1972
 established PAGASA
 Philippine National Oil Company
 effective and efficient use of energy
 National Academy of Science and Technology
 composed of scientists with innovative achievement in
the basic and applied sciences
 1979 Funded Scientific Research
 National Science Development Board
 Philippine Council for Agricultural Research and Resources
 Plant Breeding Institute
 International Rice Research Intitute
 Bureau of Plant Industry
 Bureau of Forest Products
 1980
 National Committee in Geological Sciences was created
 Executive Order No. 784, s.1982
 National Geosciences Development Board was renamed
to national Science and Technology Authority
 1986
 Mindanao and Visayas Campuses for Science and
Technology was established