IRONY

WHAT IS IRONY?

• A contradiction between what was expected

to happen and what actually happened. Put
another way, there is difference between the
expectation and the reality.
 KINDS OF IRONY

• Verbal Irony- very common in sarcastic

remarks, like when one was awakened
abruptly and to express dissatisfaction,
he/she says in a loud voice, “Thank you
very much!”. Here, there is difference
between what was said and what was
meant.
• Situational Irony- happens when
someone expects something, and the
complete opposite happens. For
example, a heart doctor (cardiologist)
dies of a heart attack. This is ironic
because?....................
 INDIAN POETRY

Bhartrihari
Bhartrihari experienced an inner conflict
brought about love of religion and love of the
world. It is said that seven times he tried to renounce
the world by entering a monastery, only to forsake it
each time. The legend goes that he kept a horse at
hand, so that he could easily flee from the monastery
the moment he felt the urge to go out in the world.
 LYRICS

See whom I worship night and day--- she

loathes my very sight
And on my neighbor dotes, who in another
takes delight;
A third--- she in my humble self nothing but
good can see.
Now out upon the god of love, and him, and
them, and me!
A bald man felt the sun’s fierce rays
Scorch his defenseless head;
In haste to shun the noontide blaze
Beneath a palm he fled.
Prone as he lay, a heavy fruit
Crashed through his drowsy brain.
Whom fate has sworn to persecute
Finds every refuge vain.
Kalidasa
an Indian court poet and dramatist. An
outstanding figure in Oriental literature, his
poetry is noted for its fine descriptions of
nature and of poignant emotions.
 Peace

Courage my soul! Now to the silent wood

Along we wander, there to seek our food
In the wild fruits, and woo our dreamless sleep
On soft boughs gathered deep.

There Lord authority is in folly bold.

The tongues that stammer with disease of gold
And murmur of the windy world shall cease:
Nor echo through peace.
Rabindranath Tagore
He is an essayist, poet, musician, and mystic, did a
great deal to interpret the thought of India to the
Western world.
Tagore’s book of poems, Gitanjali, won the Nobel
Prize. This was the first time it was awarded to an
Oriental. The poet in these isolated fragments,
expresses his reflections on the simple life and on the
moral regeneration of man, so that he can attain
freedom.
 GITANJALI

This is my prayer to thee, my lord---- strike, strike at the root

of penury in my heart.
Give me the strength lightly to bear my joys and sorrows.
Give me the strength to make my love fruitful in service.
Give me the strength never to disown the poor or bend my
knees to insolent might.
Give me the strength to surrender my strength to thy will
with love.
 GITANJALI

“Trust love even if it brings sorrow. Do not close up your

heart.”.
“Ah, no, my friend, your words are dark. I cannot
understand them.”
“The heart is only for giving away with a fear and a song,
my love.”
“Ah, no, my friend, your words are dark, I cannot
understand them.”
“Pleasure is frail like a dewdrop; while it laugh it dies. But
sorrow is strong and abiding. Let sorrowful love wake in
your eyes.”
 GROUPINGS

1.Summarize the thought of each poem.

2.Explain what these lines mean.
a. “ The tongues that stammer with disease of gold”.
b. “Trust love even if it brings sorrow”.
3. Do you think we can attain world peace and
alliance? Give concrete examples of what the youth can
do to help society attain peace and harmony.