JOURNAL ARTICLE

REVIEW/ ANALYSIS
Why do I have to do it?
◦ A review of a journal article evaluates the strengths
and weaknesses of an article's ideas and content. It
provides description, analysis and interpretation that
allow readers to assess the article's value.
HOW TO WRITE ?
There are 5 stages,
◦ 1. Introduction
◦ 2. Literature review
◦ 3. Methodology
◦ 4. Findings
◦ 5. How is this journal relevant to your research?
1. Introduction
◦ What is the article about?
◦ Author’s purpose in writing this article?
◦ Give a general overview about the article and narrow it to
something specific.
◦ Remember to include your thesis.
2. Literature Review
◦ Past researcher’s studies.

1. Main Idea
2. Evidence ( Facts evidence, Example evidence)
3. Commentary ( Opinion, point of view)
4. Concluding sentence
3. Methodology
◦ Methods used to conduct the research.
◦ There are 2 types: Qualitative and Quantitative
 Qualitative (Conceptual)
◦ Data which is not in numerical form.
◦ diary accounts, open ended questionnaire,
unstructured interviews, observations.
◦ Used to gain an understanding of reasons,
opinions and motivations.
◦ It provides insights into the problem or helps
to develop ideas or hypotheses for potential
quantitative research.
Quantitative (Empirical)
◦ Data in numerical form.
◦ measures of 'types' and may be represented by
a name, symbol, or a number code.
◦ Quantitative research is the systematic
empirical investigation of observable
phenomena via statistical, mathematical or
computational techniques.
 Qualitative
Conceptual - Concerned with understanding
human behaviour from the
informant’s perspective.
- Assumes a dynamic and
negotiated reality.
Empirical - Data are collected through
participant observation and
interviews.
- Data are analysed by themes
from descriptions by
informants.
- Data are reported in the
language of the informant.
Quantitative
- Concerned with discovering
facts about social phenomena.
- Assumes a fixed and
measurable reality.
- Data are collected through
measuring things.
- Data are analysed through
numerical comparison and
statistical inferences.
- Data are reported through
statistical analyses.
Criteria Qualitative Research Quantitative Research
Purpose To understand & interpret social interactions. To test hypotheses, look at cause & effect,
& make predictions.
Group Studied Smaller & not randomly selected. Larger & randomly selected.
Variables Study of the whole, not variables. Specific variables studied
Type of Data Collected Words, images, or objects. Numbers and statistics.
Form of Data Collected Qualitative data such as open- ended responses, interviews, Quantitative data based on precise
participant observations, field notes, & reflections. measurement using structured &
validated data
collecting instrument.
Type of Data Analysis Identify patterns, features, themes. Identify statistical relationships.
Objectivity and Subjectivity Subjectivity is expected. Objectivity is critical.

Results Particular or specialized findings that is less generalizable.

Generalizable findings that can be applied to
other populations.
View of Human Behaviour Dynamic, situational, social, & personal. Regular & predictable.
Most Common Research Objectives Explore, discover, & construct. Describe, explain, & predict.
Focus Wide-angle lens; examines the breadth & depth of phenomena. Narrow-angle lens; tests a specific hypotheses.

Nature of Observation Study behaviour in a natural environment. Study behaviour under controlled conditions;
isolate casual effects.
Nature of Reality Multiple realities; subjective. Single reality; objective.
Questionnaire.
◦ 1. Identify the problem and review your audience. (10-15 respondents)
◦ 2. Develop and prioritize a list of potential questions.
◦ 3. Write simple, clear and short questions. (8-10 questions)
◦ 4. Use appropriate language.
◦ 5. Ensure respondents’ ability to answer.
◦ 6. Avoid negative and biased questions.
◦ 7. Use close ended questions with a rating scale, and open ended question for
feedback purposes.
◦ 8. Format : Times New Roman, 12. Spacing 1.5
◦ 9. Include respondents basic information area, research topic and purpose stated.
4. Findings
◦ What have they discovered from the research?
◦ Mind mapping, graph, pie chart and etc.
◦ Refer to your manual.
5. How is this article related to my
research?
◦ Tell your point of view on how this article contributes
towards your research.
◦ Is the information in this article sufficient to support your
research?
 That’s all folks !
Enjoy writing your
analysis 