Equipment Selection,

Specification
and Design
 Few Basics
• Proprietary equipment, such as pumps, compressors, filters,
centrifuges and dryers, is designed and manufactured by
specialist firms.
• Nonproprietary equipment is designed as special, one-off,
items for particular processes.
• The chemical engineer is not normally involved in the detailed
design of proprietary equipment.
• The chemical engineer’s part in the design of “non-
proprietary” equipment is usually limited to selecting and
“sizing” the equipment.
• For example, in the design of a distillation column his work
will typically be to determine the number of plates; the type
and design of plate; diameter of the column; and the position
of the inlet, outlet and instrument nozzles.
Separation Processes
solid-solid separation techniques and
equipment
Liquid-solid cyclones
Distillation Columns
A typical theoretical Plate
Vapor Liquid Equilibrium
Multi component Distillation
in a typical distillation the flow-rates of each of the light non-key
components approaches a constant, limiting, rate in the rectifying
section; and the flows of each of the heavy non-key components
approach limiting flow-rates in the stripping section.
For a specification of not more than 1 mol of the light key in the bottom
product and not more than 1 mol of the heavy key in the top product
The top and bottom temperatures (dew points and bubble points) need to be
calculated first
Twelve
stages
required;
feed on
seventh
from base
Normally, the volatilities are estimated at the feed bubble point, which gives a
rough indication of the average column temperatures.
 Number of stages at total reflux
At total reflux for binary components
Effects of Reflux Ratio
The value of ɵ must lie between the values of the relative volatility of the light and
heavy keys
Feed Point Location
Plate Efficiency
Plate efficiency
Plate Efficiency
Plate Efficiency for multi-component
Heat Exchangers
 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

itc h
be p Tube layouts of heat exchanger
Tu
Types of baffles
Types of shell and tube HEs
Types of shell and tube HEs
LMTD corrections in S&T HE
• During shell and tube heat exczhnger design
we include a FT factor to LMTD calculations.
Explain why? And also explain how FT factor is
calculated?

• What happens if we over compensate an

opening in pressure vessel design?