Types of disabilities

DISABILITY • VISION
A disability is any IMPAIRMENT
condition of the body or • MOVEMENT
mind that make it More • THINKING Impairment is an absence of or
difficult for the person • LEARNING significant difference in a
with the condition to do
certain activity and
• HEARING persons body structure or
interact with the world • REMEMBERING function or mental
around them. • COMMUNICATING functioning.
• MENTAL HEALTH

Types of
impairment
VISUAL (EYES)
• STRUCTURA IMPAIRMENT A visual impairment where vision is of
some help in a testing or working
L A total loss of ,or reduced ability to,
situation , but where effective reading of
perceive light and color's blind person
IMPAIRMENT must be at 6 meters in order to see
even moderately enlarged print is not
• FUNCTIONA something that a person with normal
possible, and a visual impairment where
print may be used effectively, although it
sight can see at 60 meters , that the field
L of vision is so restricted that only a very
may have to be large type, held very close
to the eyes, or used with special visual
IMPAIRMENT limited area can be seen at one time.
aids and under special lighting conditions.
THE IMPORTANCE OF
EYE EXAMS
Eye doctor cheking for?
• REFRACTIVE ERROR
During a comprehensive eye exam. Your • AMBLYOPIA
eye doctor does much more than just • STRABISMUS
determine your prescription for • FOCUSING PROBLEM
eyeglasses or contact lenses. He will also • EYE DISEASES
check your eye work together as a team • OTHER DISEASES
and evaluate your eyes as an indicator of • AGE RELATED CONDITIONS
your overall health.

HEARING The onset of the hearing

IMPAIRMENT
Hearing impairment implies a
total or partial loss of the ability to
perceive acoustic information. The
impairment may affect the full
range of hearing , or be limited to
only part of the auditory
spectrum, which speech
perception is the region between
250 and 400 Hz.
impairment is important for
language development and for
identification with the deaf
community. A person who was
born profoundly deaf or has
become deaf at a very early
age. profound deafness, speech
discrimination may be very
limited without lip reading.
 TYPES OF • IN a recent study, hearing
HERING LOSS experts have found that people
• CONDUCTIVE with hearing loss are more prone
to falling and injuring themselves
HEARING LOSS • Hearing loss impact the balance
• SENSORINEURAL system of the body located the
HEARING LOSS risk of falling
• MIXED HEARING • Don’t ignore hearing loss, get
LOSS your hearing tested with an
experienced audiologist.

IMPAIRMENT OF SPEECH
PRODUCTION
Speech impairment refer to any
reduction in a person ability to use
speech in a general way , or only
certain aspect of it, such as fluency or
voice volume.it may be caused by
developmental problem as in the case
of severe developmental language
disorder,or by speech disorder due to
lack of muscular control.
The intelligibility of speech may
be reduced by varying degree :
speech may be lacking totally or
it may be unintelligible even to
people who are familiar with the
speaker may be intelligible to
familiar person, while difficult to
understand for other. There may
also be situational variation.
 TYPES OF SPEECH
TREATMENT
DISORDER
• STUTTERING OPTIONS CAN
1. REPETITION INCLUDE
2. BLOCK
• Speech therapy exercises that
3. PROLOGATION
4. DEVELOPMENTAL focus on building familiarity with
STUTTERING certain word or sound
5. NEUROGENIC STUTTERING • Physical exercises that focus on
• APRAXIA strengthening the muscles that
• DYSARTHRIA produce speech sound.

IMPAIRMENT OF LANGUAGE Several disorder of the central nervous

COMPREHENSION
This category contain a loss of or a reduction
in the ability to understand language. The
disability may imply only an impairment of
language , or it may be associated with a more
general intellectual impairment
system may include impairment of
language comprehension . Some condition
like severe developmental language
disorder, only the language function is
affected, while other condition may
influence most intellectual function.
 TREATMENT Intellectual
• INTERVENTION FOR PRESCHOOLER (Age3-5)
• INTERVENTION FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
impairment
People a very reduced
CHILDREN(Age5-10) intellectual ability
• INTERVENTION FOR ADOLESCENT STUDENT constitute a very diverse
(Age11 through high school) group with a range of
sensory , motor and
cognitive impairment:
most impairment :

including visual and

auditory impairment
have a higher incidence
TREATMEN
in the group that is T
called intellectually • Early communication
impaired. One common skills (pointing, turn-
trait is that they tend to taking)
do thing slower then • Social interaction
other people, another and play
that they have reduced • Pragmatic
comprehension of conventions
instruction and • Speech production
language in general. • literacy
 READING
IMPAIRMENT
Dyslexia is a disorder manifested
by difficulty in learning to read
despite by difficulty in learning to
read despite conventional
instruction, adequate intelligence,
and socio-cultural opportunity. it
is dependent on fundamental
cognitive disabilities.
TREATMENT
The most appropriate treatment
strategy depend on the need of the
individual .Reading disorder
cannot be cured, but people with
these disorder can overcome
specific problem . Learn to read,
and improve fluency and
comprehension with proper
instruction, especially if they
receive help and instruction early.
A lack of reading skill will be a handicap in a wide range
of social and professional situation. In particular ,it will
influence the persons ability to obtain information.
severe reading disorder may also be an acquired
condition similar to aphasia, and is then usually called
ALEXIA.
REDUCED FUNCTION OF
LEGS &FEET
A reduced function of legs and feet
implies dependency on a
wheelchair or other mobility aid to
help walking .people with this
disability are usually able to
communicate normally on the
telephone, but may have problems
getting to tha equipment.
A person in a wheelchair with a normal
arm function will usually be able to
reach 0,4-1,2,m. for installation to be
within reach , they should be placed at
not more than 0.4 meters from the side
of a table. it is essential that they do not
have to travel long distances and that
suitable resting places are provided.
snow and ice are troublesome for
people with difficulties in walking.
REDUCED FUNCTION
OF ARM & HANDS
Reduced function of arms and hand
includes the lack of arms or hands, or
reduced ability to use them due to
reduced strength or co ordination.
This does not influence speech
communication itself, but implies
great difficulty in using a wide range
of technical and non technical
TREATMENT
• Elevate your legs whenever you're lying
down. The legs should be raise so they're
above your heart
• You may want to place a pillow under your
legs to make it more comfortable.
• Stay active and focus on stretching and
moving the legs.
• Maintain a healthy body weight.
• Wear support stocking or compression
socks.
People with severely reduced strength
may be unable tousle the keyboard of a
typewriter or computer , and the keypad
of a telephone. They may not be able to
press down the handle to open a door, or
to lift a book or a telephone receiver. they
may not be able to push open heavy
doors. Or to open drawers.
EMERGENCY MEDICAL
CARE
• Your weakness is accompanied by
sudden, severe pain in your back or leg.
• You experience loss of bladder or bowel
control.
• You or someone else of experiences any
warning sign of a stroke.
Short people also tend to have short
arms, which make manipulation of
some type of equipment awkward or
difficult. It should be noted , however,
that also people who are significantly
taller then the average of the
population may have some problems
in using equipment that is mounted at
a low level , or where the ceiling, for
example of a telephone booth, is too
low.
IMPAIRMENT OF
GROWTH
Impairment of growth primarily
includes adults who are significantly
shorter than the population mean. This
condition is typically caused by
malfunctioning of the hormone system.
shortness adversely influences ones
access to equipment.
The expansion of growth hormone therapy
over the last 3 decades has allowed for
treatment of short stature for more children,
resulting in increased height for many.
Treatment decision for disable children with
idiopathic short stature are even more
complicated . We discuss a specific case of
short stature in a disable child and grapple
with the ethical issues in the us of growth
hormone.

OTHER IMPAIRMENT
AND DISABILITIES
The above categories cover a wide
range of impairment and disabilities .
There are, individuals who do not
readily fit into any of these
categories. people who have to spend
most of their time in bed cannot
readily be included in the category of
wheelchair dependent user.
Some people have multiple
impairment: for example
combined visual and hearing
impairment, or hearing
impairment and problems in
controlling the movement of their
arms and hand . People with
intellectual impairment typically
have several impairment .the
impact of each impairment may
also vary according to the
situation.

When assessing the needs of people

with multiple impairment. If a person

The end
severe reading disorder acquires a
profound hearing loss, text
transmission via the telephone network
is impossible, and the person is
excluded from a dorm of
telecommunication ordinarily used by
people with hearing impairment.