ETABS

SAP
SAFE
 Classification of civil software
•Based on the type of work
• For structural work - ETABS, STAAD PRO V8i, SAFE,
SAP
• For structural modeling - TEKLA, AUTOCAD STEEL,
• For project management - MS Project, Primavera
• For architectural Design - Revit, AutoCAD
• For BIM - ARCHIBUS, NAVISWORKS and
• Other
Cont.…
•Based on company production
• Autodesk- AutoCAD, robot, Revit,
Archicad, civil 3D
• CSI- SAP, ETABS, CSI Bridge, SAFE
• Bentley- inroad, STAAD PRO V8i, mx
road
Advantages of Using Structural Analysis
Software
• More Efficient
• Greater Flexibility
• Time saving
• Peace of Mind
 Structural design software
•ETABS- Extended three dimensional
analysis of building system
•SAP- Structural analysis program
•SAFE- slab analysis using finite element
method.
ETABS
SAP
SAFE
 Ethiopian Building Code Standard
• EBCS 1 - Basis of structural design
• EBCS 2 - Design of concrete structures
• EBCS 3 - Design of steel structures
• EBCS 4 - Design of composite steel and concrete structures
• EBCS 5 - Design of timber structures
• EBCS 6 - Design of masonry structures
• EBCS 7 - Geotechnical design
• EBCS 8 - Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance
 Design procedure
Step-1 Unit management
Step-2 Grid management
Step-3 Define
Step-4 Modeling
Step-5 load assign
Step-6 Mesh, diaphragm, insertion point, connection and other
Step-7 Check and Run analysis
Step-8 Design and feel the behavior of the structure
Step-9 Interpretation
Step-10 Generate Detail Documents
Step-11 Output Results and Reports
 Mechanical property
• Modulus of elasticity:- is a quantity that measures
an object resistance to being deformed elastically.
• Poisson ratio:- is the ratio of axial deformation to
lateral deformation.
• Coefficient of thermal expansion:- is how the
size of an object change with a change in
temperature.
• Shear modulus:- is a measure of resistance of an
object to the movement of the plane of the object in
a direction parallel to the plan of contact.
 PROPERTY stiffness modification
• Concrete has an inherent property of cracking
and all member do cracking. This cracking
reduce stiffness.
 Over estimated support moment
 Under estimated span moment
 deflection
Property stiffness modification for beam and column
Property stiffness modification for slab
Property stiffness modification for shear wall
Diaphragm
 Seismic Weight (Mass source)

Seismic weight, W, is the total dead load of a building or a stru
cture,
including partition walls,andapplicable portions of other impos
ed loads listed below
a) For live load up to and including 3 kN/m2, a minimum of 25
% of the live load shall be applicable.
b) For live load above 3 kN/m2, a minimum of 50% of the live 
load shall be applicable.
c) Total weight (100%) of permanent heavy equipment or retain
ed liquid or any imposed  load
Sustained in nature shall be included.
 P­-Delta effects or Second order effects
• P delta is a term coined from P that is load and delta is
the lateral deformation. These lateral deformations are
more lethal in case of earthquakes and not so much in
case of wind.
• First order effects: action effects calculated without
consideration of the effect of structural deformations,
but including geometric imperfections
• Second order effects: additional action effects caused
by structural deformations
Cont.…
Modal case
 GROUND ACCELERATION
• According to EBCS EN1998:2015 Ethiopia divides into 5
seismic zone. Zone 0 being regions with zero ground
acceleration, while zone 4 being regions with high seismic
ground acceleration.

Spectrum type
• Type-1 large magnitude of earth quake
• Type-2 small magnitude of earth quake
Ground type
 Behavior factor
• Is factor used for design purposes to reduce the force obtained
from a linear analysis in order to account for the non linear
response of a structure associated with, the material and the
design procedures.
 LOAD COMBINATION
Service combination- is normal load combination
during service time.
Deflection
Vibration
Crack
Ultimate combination- is factored load
combination.
Environmental load combination
 Design Load Combinations
Structures for Seismic design category  the 
structure shall be designed for 100% of the seismic forces 
in one principal direction combined 
with 30% of the seismic forces in the orthogonal direction.
 
Possible combinations are:
“±100% in x-direction ±30% in y-direction” or
“±30% in x-direction ±100% in y-direction”  
 STRUCTURAL DETAILING

BEAM DETAILING
CON’D…
COLUMN DETAILING
 STRUCTURAL DETAILING

COLUMN GROUPING
 STRUCTURAL DETAILING

BEAM DETAILING