GPS

Global Positioning System

Ramesh .K
07/496
Contents
 What is GPS?
 History
 Who maintains GPS
 System components
 Message format
 How does GPS work
 GPS satellite vehicle
 Source of errors
 Who uses GPS?
 Conclusion
WHAT IS GPS?

 GPS is a space-based global navigation

satellite system (GNSS) that provides
reliable location and time information in all
weather conditions with line of sight
history
 First idea in 1951
 1978—first satellite launched by
department of defense
 Recent launch was on May 28,2010.
Who maintains GPS?

 US-NAVSTAR
 Russia-GLONASS
THE SYSTEM IS COMPOSED OF THREE SEGMENT

 SPACE - The orbiting satellites

 CONTROL- The monitoring stations on earth
 USER- The GPS units such as you will use today
SPACE SEGMENT

 24 satellite vehicles
 Six orbital planes
– Inclined 55o with respect to
equator
– Orbits separated by 60o
 20,200 km elevation
above Earth
 Orbital period of 11 hr
55 min
User Segment Control Segment
Message format
 in the form of frames
 Navigation message Bit rate of 50 bps
 It is sub divided into 3 parts
-satellite clock
-precise satellite orbit
-status information of satellites & error
correction
How does GPS Work?

– Each GPS satellite transmits an accurate

position and time signal.
– The user’s receiver measures the time delay
for the signal to reach the receiver.
– Measurements collected from 4 satellites are
processed to solve for the 3D position, velocity
and time.
Calculating Distance
Velocity x Time = Distance
If it took Radio waves travel at the speed of light, roughly
186,000 miles per second (mps) 0.06 seconds to receive a
signal transmitted by a satellite floating directly overhead, use
Velocity
this formula to find x Time from
your distance = Distance
the satellite.

186,000 mps x 0.06 seconds = 11,160 miles

GPS satellite vehicle
 Weight-2370 pounds
 Height-16.25 feet
 Width-38.025 feet
including wing span
 Design life is 10 years
 Three nickel-cadmium
batteries
 2 Solar panels
 Used frequencies L1 band
L2 band
Sources of Errors
Source Amount of Error
 Satellite clocks: 1.5 to 3.6 meters
 Orbital errors: < 1 meter
 Ionosphere: 5.0 to 7.0 meters
 Troposphere: 0.5 to 0.7 meters
 Receiver noise: 0.3 to 1.5 meters
 Multipath: 0.6 to 1.2 meters
Who uses GPS?
– Government
 Military
 Weather, Rescue
– Industry
 Transportation
– General Public
 Emergency / Security Reasons
 Health Related Reasons
Conclusion
 By using this we can find our location anywhere
in any condition & GPS receiver is common for
every day
QUERIES?
THANK you