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    Radicalization in Punjab, Pakistan - Policy Oriented

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    Raheem Ul Haque
    Youth radicalization in Pakistan is shaped by both closed Islamic identity and broader reactive social movements. [1] Religious identity is primary for many youth, who may accept religious rulings over state law. [2] Militant groups promote establishing a transnational caliphate through violence, while religious political groups aim to capture the state. [3] Challenges include state ineffectiveness, demographics like unemployment, and perceived cultural threats, while responses could involve promoting local culture and alternative discourses.

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    Radicalization in Punjab, Pakistan - Policy Oriented

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    Raheem Ul Haque
    33 views11 pages
    Youth radicalization in Pakistan is shaped by both closed Islamic identity and broader reactive social movements. [1] Religious identity is primary for many youth, who may accept religious rulings over state law. [2] Militant groups promote establishing a transnational caliphate through violence, while religious political groups aim to capture the state. [3] Challenges include state ineffectiveness, demographics like unemployment, and perceived cultural threats, while responses could involve promoting local culture and alternative discourses.

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    Radicalization in Punjab, Pakistan - Policy Oriented

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    Youth radicalization in Pakistan is shaped by both closed Islamic identity and broader reactive social movements. [1] Religious identity is primary for many youth, who may accept religious rulings over state law. [2] Militant groups promote establishing a transnational caliphate through violence, while religious political groups aim to capture the state. [3] Challenges include state ineffectiveness, demographics like unemployment, and perceived cultural threats, while responses could involve promoting local culture and alternative discourses.

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    33 views11 pages

    Radicalization in Punjab, Pakistan - Policy Oriented

    Uploaded by

    Raheem Ul Haque
    Youth radicalization in Pakistan is shaped by both closed Islamic identity and broader reactive social movements. [1] Religious identity is primary for many youth, who may accept religious rulings over state law. [2] Militant groups promote establishing a transnational caliphate through violence, while religious political groups aim to capture the state. [3] Challenges include state ineffectiveness, demographics like unemployment, and perceived cultural threats, while responses could involve promoting local culture and alternative discourses.

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    of 11

    Youth Radicalization in Pakistan:

    how identity and social movement are shaping it?

    Raheem ul Haque
    Question?
    • Despite the costs borne by Pakistani victims of
    terror, some segments of Pakistani society
    continue to sympathize, justify or at times even
    directly support violence, providing an enabling
    environment within which militant groups and
    their affiliates are able to operate.
    Thesis
    • Youth radicalization in Pakistan can be
    understood as the product of a closed Islamic
    identity combined with a broader reactive
    movement comprised of militant, political and
    missionary Islamic organizations
    Exclusive/Closed Islamic Identity
    • based on association, value system, congregation,
    participation and referencing

    • Religious Identity as Primary Identity (80%)


    • National Identity dependent on Religious Identity (50%)
    • Muslim First, Pakistani Later (75%)

    • Consequences
    – Accept Fatwa over State Law
    – Accept taking law into one’s hand if accepted as religiously sanctioned
    Social Movement
    • Social Movement: Agents engaged in the
    production and maintenance of meaning to
    mobilize the protagonist, demobilize the
    antagonist and garner support from the
    bystanders
    Reactive Islamic Identity Movement Pyramid

    · Establish transnational caliphate through


    · Transnational Terrorist Groups, global jihad
    Terrorist & Revolutionary · Violence as necessary means to counter
    Islamic Orgs antagonists & to establish Islamic State
    · Use revolutionary methods to capture the
    state accepting utility of violence
    · Religio-Political Orgs · Capture state to bring about society
    under true Islam

    · Proselytizing Islamic · Proselytize other individuals to this


    Orgs perspective
    · Islam is an all encompassing system
    & own perspective is sole true
    perspective
    Recap
    • Linking Identity and Social Movement
    – Reinforce Identity <-> Strengthen Movement

    • Islamophobia vs Religious Meaning


    – Starts from: One true perspective (literal meaning) of Islam, which is an
    all encompassing social system and should be the sole framework for
    law

    • De-radicalization
    – Open up the exclusive Islamic Identity
    – Weaken the Reaction Islamic Identity Movement
    • Resource Mobilization Opportunities
    • Discursive Opportunity Structure
    Challenges
    • State
    – Ineffectiveness in service delivery negates credibility
    – Relationship of State & Religion: Islamic but not Theocratic
    – Strategic Depth: use of non-state actors for policy objectives
    – Response to Terrorism: Prosecution & the Legal System
    • Demography, Urbanization & Unemployment
    – Community Breakdown and Rethinking of Identity
    – 13.8m entering job market compete for 1.8m formal jobs
    – University sector caters to 5.9% of the youth
    • Cultural Threat: Colonialism, Partition & Globalization
    – Perceived Injustice and threat accentuate the cultural threat
    Challenges
    • Socialization & lack of alternatives
    – Madrassa versus Public School Curriculum
    – Language and Identity: the case of Punjabi
    – Discourse: Religious versus Secular
    – Public Space and Media
    Response
    • Promote Indigenous Culture and Localized Identity
    – Museums
    – Art Councils
    – Youth Centres: Mix Culture & Skills

    • Alternative Discourse
    – Translations
    – Media & Public Space

    • Knowing & Meeting the Other


    – Intra & Inter-religious, Inter-provincial, Inter-national
    Q&A

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