Living with the climate

Different regions in Pakistan have different

climates
Desert type of climate
 What is a desert?
A desert is a place that receives under 25 cm of rain per year.
 Deserts are part of a wider classification of regions called
"drylands." These areas often lose more moisture through
evaporation than they receive from annual precipitation.
 The largest hot desert in the world, northern Africa's Sahara,
reaches temperatures of up to 50 degrees celsius. 
 Not all deserts are hot! Some deserts are always cold, like the
Gobi desert in Asia and the desert on the continent of
Antarctica. Others are mountainous. 
 Only about 10 percent of deserts are covered by sand dunes. 
 The driest deserts get less than half an inch (one centimeter) of
precipitation each year, and that is from condensed fog not
rain.
Deserts
 "Desert animals have adapted ways to help them keep cool
and use less water. Camels, for example, can go for days
without food and water. Many desert animals are nocturnal,
coming out only when the brutal sun has descended to hunt.
Some animals, like the desert tortoise in the southwestern
United States, spend much of their time underground. Most
desert birds are nomadic, crisscrossing the skies in search of
food. Because of their very special adaptations, desert
animals are extremely vulnerable to introduced predators and
changes to their habitat." (National Geographic)
 Desert plants can last years without water, but some plants

grow very long roots that reach all the way down to deep
underground water. Cacti have special ways of storing water.
Some desert plants can even live to be hundreds of years old.
Coastal climate of pakistan
Maritime Influence
 The effect of an ocean's airflow on the climate
of the surrounding areas, also known as
the maritime effect, is generally milder
temperatures and a decreased variation in
temperatures. ... Precipitation is more
common in areas with a maritime climate, as
moisture levels are higher near the ocean.
Climate of Indus plain
questions
1)What kind of a climate does Thar Desert have?
2). Why can water not be stored in ponds in the
deserts?
3). How is water stored in water tanks in
deserts?
4. Name any two deserts of Pakistan.
5. Why do you think some people still live in
deserts despite all the difficulties?
Student’s Activity
Students may prepare a presentation about that
has a different climate from that of their
hometown, focusing on a description of the
climate and anything they noticed about how it
affects everyday life, buildings, cities, agriculture,
etc.
How are the houses are different from us and why
are built like that?
If possible, the students could also exchange
information with their friends or family who live in
a different climatic zone.
Activity#1
Tell the students that they are now going to
locate countries in their respective climatic
zones.
Page 38
(Map of the main climatic zones of the earth)
Discussion … Students Experinces
First, weather can change from
day to day or even several times during the day,
and that climate is the weather pattern of a place
recorded over a long period of time.

Lets share some examples of extreme weather.

These could include flooding caused by very
heavy rains over a short time, drought, very hot or
very cold weather, or very strong winds.
Examples/Types of Extreme Weather
 Tornado: clouds, strong wind, rain, hail.
 Hurricane or cyclone: strong wind, heavy rain.
 Blizzard: heavy snow, ice, cold temperatures.
 Dust storm: strong winds, arid conditions.
 Flood: heavy rainfall.
 Hail storm: cold or warm temperatures, rain,
ice.
 Ice storm: freezing rain.
What is weather
 Weather is the state of the atmosphere,
describing for example the degree to which it
is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy,
clear or cloudy. ... Weather refers to day-to-
day temperature and precipitation activity,
whereas climate is the term for the averaging
of atmospheric conditions over longer
periods of time.
What is extreme weather
 Extreme weather is when a weather event is
significantly different from the average or
usual weather pattern. This may take place
over one day or a period of time. A flash
flood or heat wave are two examples
of extreme weather in the UK.
 Any Examples from Pakistan … ??? THINK
Extreme Weather (Introduction)
Climate affects a region’s agriculture,
buildings, infrastructure, clothing, and many
aspects of everyday life. These differences are
more noticeable when extreme climates are
compared:
for example, in extremely cold regions, such as
parts of Russia, the permafrost (Layer of frozen
earth about 450 meters deep) makes the
digging
of foundations for buildings very difficult.
Continuity of previous slide
 As a result, most buildings are placed on
pillars, which requires a smaller volume of
land to be dug out, and pipelines for sewage
and water, and cables for electricity and
communication are kept above the ground,
rather than laid underground.
Extreme weather condition
 What are the condition of extreme weather
 Extreme weather is a weather event such as

snow, rain, drought, flood, or storm that is

rare for the place where it occurs. ... There is
evidence that some weather extremes have
already shifted: cold nights have decreased
globally, for example, while warm nights have
increased (associated with heat wave
 Reading from the textbook
 Watching a video
 Question answers
 Written Work
Natural factors
 As Earth's oceans grow warmer, they
evaporate more moisture into the atmosphere
—about 4 percent more since 1970,
according to recent data. ... But these two
factors, rising temperatures and increased
moisture in the atmosphere, make the
chances for extreme weather that much
greater from here on.
DEFINITION OF EARTH’S SPHERES

 The spheres are the four subsystems that

make up the planet Earth. They are
called spheres because they are round, just
like the Earth. The four spheres are the
 1. geosphere (all the rock on Earth),
 2. hydrosphere (all the water on Earth),
 3. atmosphere (all the gases surrounding

Earth), and
 4. biosphere (all the living things on Earth).
How extreme weather effects
humans?
 Extreme weather affects humans in many
ways e.g. It brings a change in human
society, its increased economic cost and cost
of living. It also brings change in the
ecosystem. It disrupts normal life and people
face a number of difficulties in doing their
routine work.
Do you think that human activities are
contributing in extreme weather conditions?
  Yes! Humans activities are greatly contributing to
extreme weather conditions. e.g. the industrial
wastes, smoke, omission of the carbon dioxide
from vehicles and other things are greatly
damaging the environment and ozone layer. In
urban areas on a daily basis thousands of tonnes of
garbage is produced which is also a cofactor to
damage the environment and causes extreme
weather conditions. The rising temperature of the
earth causes the centuries old glaciers to melt
which is also another cause for extreme weather
conditions.
Which extreme weather condition have you
experienced lately? What did you do to save from it?

 In the year 2010 we experienced the worst

flood in our area (Nowshera) due to heavy
rainfall. It was such a one of the extreme
weather conditions and nobody was prepared
for that. We store some ration, rechargeable
tube lights, batteries, dry fruits, and other
required items on an emergency basis to
counter the aftermath of extreme weather
conditions.
How extreme weather and climatic
change are Interlinked
 Global analyses show that the amount of
water vapor in the atmosphere has in fact
increased due to human-caused warming.
This extra moisture is available to storm
systems, resulting in heavier rainfalls. Climate
change also alters characteristics of the
atmosphere that affect weather patterns and
storms