PRESENT

PERFECT TENSE
FORM:
 I have worked  I have not worked
 You have worked  You have not worked
 He/she/it has worked  He/she/it has not worked
 We have worked  We have not worked
 You have worked  You have not worked
 They have worked  They have not worked

 Have = ‘ve  Haven’t/ hasn’t

 Has = ‘s
 Have I worked?  Yes, I have. No I haven’t.
 Have you worked?  Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.
 Has he/she/it worked?  Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
 Have we worked?  Yes, we have. No, we haven’t.
 Have you worked?  Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.
 Have they worked?  Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.

 Has he not worked?

USE:
 Just:
 He has just gone out = He went out a few minutes ago.
 Already:
 He has already had breakfast = He did it.
 Yet:
 He hasn’t had breakfast yet.
 Has he had breakfast yet?
PRESENT PERFECT VS. PAST
SIMPLE
 A) Recent actions when time is not mentioned:

 I have read this book

 I read this book last summer.

 I have cooked a cake.

 B) Actions often have results in present:

 I have broken my arm = It is still broken.

 I broke my arm = It recovered.

 C) The action can be repeated in the present:

 John has written several books. (He can write now, too)

 W.Shakespeare wrote many plays. (He died)

THIS
MORNING/AFTERNOON/YEAR/
ETC.
 I haven’t seen Tom this afternoon. (at 4 p.m.)
 I didn’t see Tom this afternoon. (at 6 p.m.)
 Lately/ recently
 There have been some changes recently.
 ever/ never
 Have you ever been to New-York?
 I have never been to New York?
 For/since
 I have lived in Baku for 25 years.
 I have lived in Baku since my birth/ since 2000.
BEEN/ GONE
 I have been to the shop = I went and came back.
 I have gone to the shop = I went but haven’t come back.