EQUITY & TRUSTS 1

T O P I C 5 : C L A S S I F I C AT I O N O F T R U S T S
 CLASSIFICATION OF TRUSTS

• Trusts can be classified as follows:

• Express trusts
• Private trusts
• Secret trusts
• Half secret trusts
• Mutual wills
 SECRET TRUSTS

• Blackwell v Blackwell [1929] All ER Rep 71

 FULLY SECRET TRUSTS

• Blackwell v Blackwell [1929] All ER Rep 71

• Brown v Pourau [1995] 1 NZLR 352
• Ottaway v Norman [1971] 3 All ER 1325
• In Re Keen. Evershed v Griffiths [1937] Ch. 236
• Wallgrave v Tebbs (1855) 20 JP 84
 HALF SECRET TRUSTS

• Communication to t before / at time of execution of the will

• Blackwell v Blackwell [1929] All ER Rep 71

• Communication to t after execution of the will

• In Re Keen. Evershed v Griffiths [1937] Ch. 23
• Johnson v Ball (1851) 5 De G & Sm 85

• Communication and terms of secret t ought not contradict the

will
• In Re Keen. Evershed v Griffiths [1937] Ch. 23
 DEATH OF SECRET TRUSTEE

• In Re Maddock. Llewelyn v Washington [1902] 2 Ch 220

• Mallot v Wilson [1903] 2 Ch 494