HISTORY OF

MODERN
PHILOSOPHY
DR. MOHD FARIDH HAFEZ MHD OMAR
FACULTY OF LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
USIM
PERIOD OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY

Ancient Modern
Philosophy Philosophy

Medieval Contemporary
Philosophy Philosophy -20th
Century

Cosmocentrism
Anthropocentrism

Theocentrism Logocentrism?
THE MAINSTREAM IDEAS IN MODERN
PHILOSPOHY
Rationalism (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Malebranche, Pascal)

Empiricism (Hobbes, Locke, Berkeley, Hume)

Criticism (Kant)

Idealism (Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, Schoppenhauer)

Materialism (Feuerbach, Marx)

Positivism (Comte, Mach)

Existentialism (Kierkegaard and Nietzsche)

WHAT IS MODERN PHILOSOPHY?
“Moderna” means “new”
and “now”. Modern is a
temporal orientation to Key concepts of the
‘here and now’ [not ‘there modernity: “technological
and past” of the medieval progress”, “revolution”,
mentality] “economic growth”

The term relates to the

concept of time: linear
progress [contrary to
cyclical concept of time]
CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERN
PHILOSOPHY
Centers on the Theleological
problem of Concept of historical
consciousness or progress of mankind
subjectivity [contrary [contrary to status
to theocentrism] quo]

Radicalization of the
epistemological
concept of critique
[contrary to
dogmatism]
 Subject as Center of Thought
The origin of consciousness
-Descartes (e.g. Descartes and Locke)

Modern The Development of

Philosophy consciousness (e.g. Hegel,
Kierkegaard, Comte)
Critique as Progress as
Epistemological Concept of time
Foundation
G.W.F. Hegel The Collapse of consciousness
-I. Kant (e.g. Schopenhauer,
Nietzsche)
THE CRITICISM IN MODERN
PHILOSOPHY
Self-reflection of knowledge
(critique of knowledge or
epistemology)

Barrier breaker of ideological

manipulations (critique of ideology
or enlightenment)
Struggle against political injustice
(critique of regime or revolution)
Critique isn’t a mere refusal against
something, but a reasonable negation with a
complex epistemological conditions. It
originates during the rise of modern natural
sciences those are very skeptical against the
medieval metaphysical thought. Critique is an
advocate of the factual.
CONCEPT OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY AND
RELIGIOUS ELEMENT
Marx believed that the human being (esp. the
proletariat) was the actor of history that drives it
to its end through the social transformation
(revolutions). To him the end of history was the
classless society
Comte proclaimed that its end was the positivist
society, the scientific civilization of mankind
History isn’t arbitrary, but has an end that
can be anticipated. The German idealists
tried to discover the rational scheme
behind the empirical historical events.
They believed that the ‘telos’ of history
was freedom of man and his society. The
civilization process was a way to the
human freedom.

Hegel delineated the end of history as the final

reconciliation of the idea with its self, i.e. the
history that knows its self.
DEFINE THE
CONCEPT OF MAN
DURING
RENAISSANCE
PERIOD.