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James Ngu

G8.5 Similarities
Both stages of teacher development clearly showed
the roles & characteristics for each stage.
The last stage of both models targeted teachers to Stages of development
be an expert and experienced in a holistic manner. (Ministry of Education)
Trotter’s (1986) 5 stages of
development Executor (novice)
Novice level (beginner Activator(Aspire)
teachers) Consultant and mentor
Advanced novice level/ Stages of (Competent)
competent level teacher
Leader of change (Proficient)
Effective level development
Strategic thinker (Strategic)
Expert level
Holistic thinker (Insightful)
Master level Differences
Trotter’s MOE
5 stages 6 stages
The novice level/ executor is
The novice level and advanced
referred to in service
novice level are referred to
teachers who just graduate
pre-service teachers.
from teaching training.
The effective level is similar Each stage is paired with a

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