S G R A M M A R

UN IT
R E V E IW 5 - 6
LA NA T IO N
INA R EX P
■ WEB
Simple Future with
Will and Be Going To
 The sun will rise at 7am.
 I think the Conservatives will win the next
election.

 I'll help you with your homework.

 Will you give me a hand?
 I won´t go

 If it doesn't rain, we'll go to the park.

 Let's arrive early. That will give us time to relax

 A: I'm cold. B: I'll close the window.

Be going to
We often use 'be going to' to talk about our future intentions and plans. We
have usually made our plans before the moment of speaking.

A: We've run out of milk.

B: I know, I'm going to buy some.

We can also use 'be going to' to make a prediction about the future. Often
it's possible to use both 'be going to' and 'will' but it's more common to use
'be going to' if we can see evidence in the present.

Look at those boys playing football! They're going to break the

window.

The sky is getting darker and darker. It's going to rain.

Future Continuous
•I'll be waiting when you arrive.
•At eight o'clock, I'll be eating dinner.

•The Government will be making a

statement later.
•When will you be leaving?

(This is more polite than 'when will you

leave?' because it's definitely not a request
for you to leave.)
•When we get •I've lived here for 11
married, I'll have months and three
known Robert for weeks.
four years.
(This is correct, but the
time is not an easy
number.)

•At 4 o'clock, I'll

have been in this
office for 24 hours. •On Tuesday, I will
have lived here for
one year.

(A much easier number.)

 We use the future perfect with a future time word,
(and often with 'by') to talk about an action that will
finish before a certain time in the future, but we
don't know exactly when.
• By 10 o'clock, I will have finished my homework.
(= I will finish my homework some time before 10, but we don't know exactly when.)

•By the time I'm sixty, I will have retired.

(= I will retire sometime before I'm sixty. Maybe when I'm fifty-nine, maybe when I'm
fifty-two.)
 The Passive Voice
Let’s look at this sentence:

I drank two cups of coffee

This is an active sentence and it has the subject first (the person or thing that does the verb), followed
by the verb, and finally the object (the person or thing that the action happens to.
But, we don't always need to make sentences this way

Two cups of coffee were drunk

(we can add 'by me' if we want, but it isn't necessary)

We might want to put the object first, or perhaps we don't

want to say who did something.

This can happen for lots of reasons (see the explanation

further down the page).
Tense Active Passive
present simple I make a cake. A cake is made (by me).
present continuous I am making a cake. A cake is being made (by me).
past simple I made a cake. A cake was made (by me).

past continuous I was making a cake. A cake was being made (by me).

present perfect I have made a cake. A cake has been made (by me).

pres. perf. continuous I have been making a cake. A cake has been being made (by me).

past perfect I had made a cake. A cake had been made (by me).

future simple I will make a cake. A cake will be made (by me).

future perfect I will have made a cake. A cake will have been made (by me).
What is a time clause?
Time clauses are preceded by adverbs or adverb phrases which show that they represent a
time.

Examples of these adverbs or adverb phrases are: when, before, after, as soon

as, until.

We use the present tense to talk about future times.

The future tense is used in the main clause.

The present simple tense is used in the time clause.

When two clauses are joined by adverbs of time or adverb phrases, the future
form should not be repeated.
•Tom will turn off the lights when he leaves the office. (Not when he will leave).

•Dad will reply to the letter when he comes home from work. (NOT when he will come home.)

•I will tidy the living-room before I go to bed. (Not before I will go).

•They will do the shopping before we arrive. (NOT before we will arrive.)

•She will go running after it stops raining. (Not after it will stop raining.)

•Alex will write a review after he finishes reading the book. (NOT after he will finish reading the book.)

•I will not go home until I finish the report. (NOT until I will finish)

•The nurse will wait until the ambulance arrives. (NOT until the ambulance will arrive.)

•Jane will call her mother as soon as she arrives at the airport. (Not as soon as she will arrive)

•The operation will begin as soon as the patient is ready. (NOT as soon as the patient will be ready.)