●Clause -  

a group of words that includes a subject and

a verb to form a simple sentence or only part of a
sentence.
❑ Independent Clause - An independent clause is a
Let’s group of words that contains a subject and verb and
expresses a complete thought.
have a ⮚Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz.
❑Dependent Clause - A dependent clause is a group of
review! words that contains a subject and verb but does not
express a complete thought. A dependent clause
cannot be a sentence.
⮚When Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his
chemistry quiz.
CONJUNCTION
S
Are words used to connect
other words or group of
words.
 ●Coordinating Conjunctions
FOUR TYPES OF ●Correlative Conjunctions
CONJUNCTION
S ●Subordinating Conjunctions
●Conjunctive Adverbs
Coordinating Conjunctions
Connect similar kinds of words or
similar groups of words.

They can join two verbs, two

nouns, two adjectives, two
phrases, or two independent
clauses.
 For
And
7
Nor
Coordinating But
Conjunctions
Or
Yet
So
 ●Hunting songs are
considered special
purpose poems, for they
Examples: are closely connected
specifically with hunting.
●The dog barked but
wagged his tail.
The best way to remember the
seven coordinating conjunctions
is by using the
acronym FANBOYS.
Correlative Conjunctions
It also connects similar
words or group of
words. However, they
always appear in pairs.
 both … and
either … or
Correlative
Conjunctions neither… nor
not only … but also
whether … or
 ●Work songs are not only sung
while a labourer works or
performs a task but they also
Examples: express the labourer’s
sentiments about his/her job
and working conditions.
●He lost both the necklace and
the ring.
Subordinate Conjunctions
-Connect two unequal ideas- a
dependent clause and independent
clause. This connection results to
construct a complex sentence.
-Introduce or signal adverbial
clause.
 ⮚They show or illustrate
the importance of the
Functions of independent clause.
Subordinate
Conjunctions
⮚They provide a
transition between two
ideas in the same
sentence.
 SUBORDINATE CONJUCTIONS
After In order that Till Whether

Although Lest Unless While

As No matter Until Who

Because So that What Why

Before Since When Which

But that Supporting Whenever Wherever

Even though Than Where Though

How That Whereas If

 ●As the rain ended, a
rainbow appeared.
Examples: ●Hunters often celebrate
their victory after they
have made a successful
hunt.
Conjunctive Adverbs
- These are the adverbs that function as
conjunction and connectors.
- they hook up or link two independent
clauses.
- when it is being used to connect two main
ideas, a period (.) or a semi-colon( ;) is used.
A comma (,) usually follows after the
conjunctive adverb.
-it also introduces, interrupts, or concludes
an independent clause.
 CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Accordingly Consequentl Indeed Otherwise Still
y
Additionally Elsewhere Instead Therefore Then

Also Equally Likewise Thus Thereafter

Anyway Finally Meanwhile Next In

comparison
Besides Furthermore Moreover Now In contrast

Certainly Hence Nevertheless Similarly Namely

Comparativel In addition Rather Yet Nonetheless

y
 ●Hunting and military chants are
characterized by danger, pride
and glory. Moreover, both
chants convey the warriors’ and
Examples: hunters’ harsh struggle for
existence.
●Maureen would have come
with us; however she had a
project to finish.