DOCUMENT NO.

EEMM-TTR-001

PAGE NO. 1

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT MANUAL & METHODOLOGY

TRANSFORMER TURNS RATIO TEST
I. TURNS RATIO TEST
A. Purpose: Transformer turns ratio is the number of turns in a higher voltage
to that of the low voltage winding. Turns ratio test is used to detect
open or short circuit windings, defective tap changer, correct
terminal identification and correct polarity.
B. Test Method:
B.1 Single Tap As-found Test ( Maintenance Test )
1. Verify that the transformer unit used to test is already de-energized.
2. Perform residual voltage checking and discharging.
3. Isolate all primary and secondary cables.
4. Gather and record nameplate data and as-found tap changer position
setting.
5. Preparation of the turns ratio tester and connects test probes as describe
in section D.2.
6. Turn on the turns ratio tester.
7. Calculate the turns ratio based on the tap changer position and input it as
a nominal value in the test equipment.
8. Perform testing.
9. Record or print the result.
10. Reconnect all cable connections. Applied torque tightening and marking.
11. Assistance in energization.
B.2 All Tap Test ( Site Acceptance Test )
12.Verify that the transformer unit used to test is already de-energized.
13.Perform residual voltage checking and discharging.
14.Isolate all primary and secondary cables.
15.Gather and record nameplate data and as-found tap changer position
setting.
16.Preparation of the turns ratio tester and connects test probes as describe
in section D.2.
17.Turn on the turns ratio tester.
18.Calculate the turns ratio of the center tap and input it as a nominal value
in the test equipment. Input also the percent per tap in accordance to the
nameplate and tap position.
Note: Usually for transformer with five(5) taps the percent per tap is ±
2.5% from the center tap.
8. Perform testing and repeat the testing for other taps.
9. Record or print the result for each tap.
10. Adjust the tap setting to as-found position.
11. Reconnect all cable connections. Applied torque tightening and marking.
12. Assistance in energization.
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EEMM-TTR-001

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ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT MANUAL & METHODOLOGY

TRANSFORMER TESTING

 
C. Formula for turns ratio
Delta-Wye Connection: Wye-Delta Connection:
Turns ratio (n) = Turns ratio (n) =

Delta-Delta or Wye-Wye Connection:

Turns ratio (n) =
Note: Primary voltage (Vp) and secondary voltage (Vs) are irrespective
whether the transformer is step-up or step-down.

Table 1.1 Transformer vector group

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EEMM-TTR-001

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ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT MANUAL & METHODOLOGY

TRANSFORMER TESTING

D. Test Connection
D.1 Test Equipment Parts

(a) Main test equipment unit (b) Connection instruction

(c) Three phase probes (d) Single phase probes (e) Power cord

D.2 Connection Reference

1. Testing of three phase substation type power transformer
H0 – Leave it hang if delta winding
Connect to H0 for wye winding
H-PROBE
H3 H2 H1

X0
X3 X2 X1

X-PROBE
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EEMM-TTR-001

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ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT MANUAL & METHODOLOGY

TRANSFORMER TESTING

H0 – Leave it hang if delta winding

Connect to H0 for wye winding

H-PROBE

X-PROBE
H1 X1
X0 X2
H2 H3 X3

3. Testing of three phase dry type transformer

X0-Leave it hang if delta winding Note: To identify primary and

Connect to H0 for wye winding
X3 secondary side for test
X2
X1 X-PROBE connection, the smaller size
busbar or conductor is the
primary side and the larger
H-PROBE one is the secondary side.
H3

H2
H1 H0-Leave it hang if delta winding
Connect to H0 for wye winding

4. Testing of pole mounted type transformer

H2 – To be connected to the
ground terminal
H1

H-PROBE X-PROBE
X1 X2

(a) Single bushing

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ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT MANUAL & METHODOLOGY

TRANSFORMER TESTING
-- continuation of section D.2-4 --

H1
H2

H-PROBE X-PROBE
X1 X2

(b) Double bushing

E. Standard Criteria

Percent error shall not exceed ± 0.5%.

F. Standard Reference(s)
1. NETA – MTS 2011, Article 7 Pages 29, 32 and 36.
2. IEEE C62-1995 (R2005), Article 6.1.2.4, Page 12.
G. Precaution
3. Used a good 230 VAC power supply.
4. During testing, do not allow any personnel touch bushings or terminals to
avoid electrocution.
5. Do not turn off immediately the test equipment once testing still ongoing.
6. As much as possible, avoid stepping on or press the test probes to avoid
damage and cutting off of wirings.
7. Clean the test equipment after use.