Calorimetry

Exp No. 9
Calorimetry
• Science or act of measuring changes in state
variables of a body for deriving the heat transfer
associated with changes of its state due to
chemical reactions, physical changes or phase
transitions under specified constraints
Introduction
• Energy changes that accompany physical and chemical
changes are observed as heat flow in or out of the
system
• Endothermic process occurs if heat is absorbed into
the system
• Exothermic process occurs if heat is released from the
system
• The heat flow for a certain process can be measured
using a calorimeter
Calorimeter
• Heat of reaction is measured by enclosing the reactant and
measuring the temperature before and after the reaction has
taken place
• Heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of the entire calorimeter by 1 K
• Temperature changes by the water are used to calculate the
quantity of heat energy that transfers during the process
taking place
 𝑄=𝑚𝐶 ∆ 𝑇
 

•m=
  mass of water
C= specific heat of water (4.184 J/gC)
= change in temperature
Calorimeter Constant
A calorimeter is to be calibrated: 72.55 g of water at
71.6 °C added to a calorimeter containing 58.85 g of
water at 22.4 °C. After stirring and waiting for the
system to equilibrate, the final temperature reached
47.3 °C. Calculate the heat capacity of the calorimeter.
(The specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J g-1 °C-1).
Heat of Fusion
• Solids can be heated to the point where the molecules holding
their bonds together break apart and form a liquid.
• The most common example is solid ice turning into liquid water.
This process is better known as melting, or heat of fusion, and
results in the molecules within the substance becoming less
organized.
• When a substance converts from a solid state to a liquid state,
the change in enthalpy ( ΔH ) is positive. However, if the
substance is transforming from a liquid state to a solid state the
change in enthalpy (ΔH) is negative.
• This process is commonly known as the freezing, and results in
the molecules within the substance becoming more ordered.
Heat of Fusion
• 

Hf = heat of fusion
Q = heat
M = mass
What is the heat of fusion for water if it takes
668 Joules of heat energy to melt 2.00 grams?
Heat of reaction
• change in the enthalpy of a chemical reaction that
occurs at a constant pressure
• thermodynamic unit of measurement useful for
calculating the amount of energy per mole either
released or produced in a reaction
Heat of Reaction
In an experiment, 1.2 g of sodium hydroxide
pellets, NaOH(s), were dissolved in 100 mL of
water at 25°C. The temperature of the water rose
to 27.5°C. Calculate the enthalpy change (heat of
solution) for the reaction in kJ mol-1 of solute.