Compressed Natural Gas

Vehicles
Ian Petersen
Energy Density

Source: NYSERDA
 Storage

Cost of 10 gge CNG Cylinder by Type Empty Weight of 10 gge Storage

1600 300

1400 250
1200
200
1000

Pounds
USD

800 150

600 100
400
50
200
0 0
Steel Reinforced Aluminum Composite Gasoline T ank Steel Reinforced Aluminum Composite
Reinforced Reinforced
 CNG Storage Vessels
3 Distinct Categories
 Plain Metal Cylinder
 Fiber Wrapped Metal Cylinder
 Composite
 The CNGV

Image: http://www.cng.cz/miranda2/export/sites/www.cng.cz/en/natural_gas/Natural_Gas_Vehicles/design_imgs/04_4_01a_eng.jpg
 Refueling
 Slow Fill
 Fuelmaker
 0.46 gge/hr
 Residential Natural Gas
 Fast Fill
 About the same fill rate as conventional gas
stations
 Few and far between
 Fast Fill CNG Stations

 777 Stations
 150:1
Image:http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/fuels/natural_gas_locations.html
 Combustion and Emissions
 130 Octane rating
 12.5:1

 Emissions reduction based on Gasoline Engines

 NOx by 30-60%
 CO by 90-97%
 CO2 by 25%
 NMHC 50-75%
 Safety

 Relief Valves
 Shutoff Valves
 Tank Design
 Buoyancy of CNG
 CNG LEL 5%
 UEL 15%

Images: http://www.sealancers.org/Articles/tanks/tank3.jpg (top left), Powertech (top left, bottom)

 Case Study: Honda Gx
 Engine: 113hp 1.8L I-4
 Fuel Efficiency: 24/36/28
 Fuel Capacity: 8.03 gge
 Range: 225 miles

Image:http://automobiles.honda.com/civic-gx/exterior-photos.aspx
 Other CNGVs
 Conversions Kits
 Diesel/CNG mix fuel
 Dual Fuel: Gas/CNG
 CNG Electric Hybrids
 ICE
 Turbine
Questions?

Images: NYSERDA and Honda Gx website