Communication

through
submarine cables
PRESENTED BY

RAHUL GANDHI
EN III Year
0702921078
Introduction
 history
 technology
 advances
 benefits
 Installation & repair
 International cable protection committee
 conclusion
 History

Telegraph cable
Era of submarine cables
1st laid b/w England and France (Aug.
1850)
1852, linked London to Paris for 1st time
TAT-1 1st transatlantic telephone cable
Scotland & Newfoundland in (Sep 1956)
Submarine cable
 Technology

Electromagnetic issues
Mirror galvanometer
Coaxial cable
Frequency division multiplexing
Reliability
Repeaters
Fiber optics
Wavelength division methods
 Advances

Development of optical amplifier

Extraordinary speed( rises from 2.8Mbit/s
to 8.4Tbit/s)
Broadband & lossless communication
Faster access
 Benefits

Enhanced diversity
Better connectivity
Ultimate capacity of 120gbps
On-line education ,healthcare, family
welfare etc. will get big boost
 Installation & Repair
Cable installation should be well planned to
minimized problems.
Specialized ships using differential global
positioning system(DGPS) carry out
installation.
Remote operated vehicle(ROV) suitable for
deep sea oceans operations.
Having speed of 15km/hr.
Most of the damage due to fishing & ship
anchor.
Repair of cable in remote area is expensive
Submarine cables installation &
repair region
 The International Cable
Protection Committee. (ICPC)
Safeguarding against human and natural
hazards.
formulating new treaties to protect cable.
Co- operation with fishing,oil&gas industries.
Providing relevant information to cable
industries to maintain necessary standard.
Committee funds project & programmes
which are beneficial for the protection of
cables.
 Projects

Reliance-FLAG( connecting 174 countries)

i2i,bharti-sing Tel( link Chennai &
Singapore)
+sat-3/wasc/safe+ link,( linking 15
countries in India at Kochi & Kerela)
 Reference:
^ //"The internet's undersea world" -
annotated image, The Guardian.
^
Heroes of the Telegraph - Chapter III. - Sam
uel Morse

^ 1Timeline - Biography of Samuel Morse

^ "Learn About Submarine Cables".
International Submarine Cable Protection
Committee.
http://www.iscpc.org/information/Time
line_History.htm.. From this page: In
1966, after ten years of service, the
1608 tubes in the repeaters had not
suffered a single failure. In fact, more
than 100 million tube hours over all
AT&T undersea repeaters were
without failure.
THANK YOU