SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY IN

THE PHILIPPINES
 THE SITUATION

• Service sector – among the drivers of the economy

e.g OFW
• Uncontrolled urbanization
• High population growth
• Unsustainable use natural resources coupled with environmental degradation
e.g Boracay scenario
• Narrow range of export products
LOCAL TRANSPORTATION

• Fill the transportation need

• Contributes to the local economy,
albeit the underground economy
• Demonstrates Filipino creativity &
ingenuity, but highly polluting and
unsafe
WHERE CAN THESE TECHNOLOGIES GO?
Can these be adapted to alleviate current problems?

This Photo by
Unknown Author
is licensed under
CC BY-NC-SA

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 AGRICULTURE – has always been a strong driver of
Philippine S&T
“It is the policy of the state to accelerate agricultural development and enhance the production of
agricultural crops by optimizing the use of resources and applying modern farming systems and
technology to attain food security for domestic use and to expand the diversity of agricultural
production for export “– DA DAO # 8 Series of 2002

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 DO YOU KNOW WHERE BIOTECH CROPS ARE
GROWN?
Philippines leads Southeast Asia in GM corn production
https://bic.searca.org/site/philippines-leads-southeast-asia-in-gm-corn-production/

• Philippines was first in Asia to

approve commercial cultivation of
a GM crop for animal feed in 2002
• Allowed importation of GM crop
• 70% of corn product is GM
 The success of Bt corn prompted development of
similar products of modern biotechnology
THE CASE OF Bt TALONG
• Not accepted by socio-civic groups, why?
BtCORN
• Accepted

http://www.science.ph/images/data/5agri-300x195.jpg
 DEC 2015 July 2016
• The decision was based on the • SC REVERSES RULING ON BT
precautionary principle, with the CA ‘TALONG’ TESTS
saying that "there is no full scientific BY: ESTRELLA TORRES, RONNEL
certainty yet as to the effects of Bt talong W. DOMINGO - @INQUIRERDOTNET
field trials to the environment and to the
health of the people. • PHILIPPINE DAILY INQUIRER / 02:31
"HTTPS://WWW.RAPPLER.COM/BUSINESS/INDUSTRIES/247- AM JULY 28, 2016
AGRICULTURE/115327-SUPREME-COURT-STOPS-FIELD-TESTING-BT-TALONG-GMO
WHAT ARE THE GAPS OF THE
PHILIPPINE S&T
 BETTER R&D and well established S&T manpower is
essential for creating technological advancement aligned and
relevant to the needs of the industry and the general populace

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 MODELS FOR THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
SCIENCE & DEVELOPMENT
In developing countries, government goals and the “demand side” pull are often lacking. As a result, universities and
research centers have become isolated from the rest of the country in an ivory tower, more connected to research
centers in Europe or the United States than to the obvious needs of industry, agriculture, and education in their own
countries.

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 HOW DEVELOPED IS THE PHILIPPINE S&T?

• ..\R AND D EXPENDITURE ASIA.XLSX

UNESCO recommends a GERD of 1% for developing countries

HOW DEVELOPED IS THE PHILIPPINE S&T?

file:///C:/Users/admin/Pictures/STS/Kopat_ASEAN_017_final_2.pdf
 PHILIPPINE S & T: room for improvement

• Low ratio of baccalaureate to PhD enrollment • Spent only 0.32% of GDP for higher
education in 2009
 PHILIPPINE S & T: room for improvement

• Spent 11.96% of public expenditure on • FREE TUITION IN SUCs

higher education
 PHILIPPINE S&T: can we do better

• The Philippines has a 6.4% share on the

region’s (South East Asia and Oceania) high
tech export which are
 Microchips
 Electronic communications
 Mostly in Export Processing Zones
 VISIONS FOR PHILIPPINE S & T
DOST OUTCOMES
“THE DOST envisions a science nation; a Agriculture (AFMA)
country whose economic growth and
Enterprise development
development is driven and pulled by science,
technology and innovation” National Science Industry
and Technology Plan 2002-2020; Harmonized
IT-BPM (business process
Agenda for Science and Technology 2002-2020
management)
Government connectivity
Health
Education
 RESEARCH PRIORITY AREAS

• Industry • Emerging technologies • Special Concerns

Emerging
technologies

Special concerns
Industry & energy

Electronics and Biotechnology/genomics Climate change

semiconductors ICT mitigation and adaptation
Food processing Material Disaster risk reduction
Metals & engineering science/nanotechnology and management
Mining and minerals Photonics
• Energy Space technology
Alternative energy applications
Energy efficiency
transportation
 STRATEGIES TO HELP NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT THRU S & T

• Help adapt technologies to local circumstances

• Even if technologies are imported, research is needed to make them work
• E.g Jatropha ‘tuba-tuba’ and cassava for biofuel that can power the ‘tuyok’
• Incorporate new science education
• Development requires well-trained work force
• Be involved in the government
• Science and scientists are an important elements in choices and decisions
made by government and can make a difference
 GROUP ACTIVITY – divide class into groups and fill
up the information
IS THE
GOVERNMENT AND
WHAT ARE THE PRIVATE SECTOR HOW WOULD YOU
STRENGTHS & SUPPORTS OF S&T POPULARIZE ‘DRUM
WEAKNESSES OF RESEARCH UP’ SUPPORT FOR
PHILIPPINE S&T? ADEQUATE S&T?
 PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
SOCIAL SCIENCES, PHYSICS, ENGINEERING &
HUMANITIES, EDUCATION, INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH,
INTERNATIONAL POLICIES & EARTH & SPACE SCIENCES, MEDICAL, CHEMICAL & BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES,
GOVERNANCE AND MATHEMATICS PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AGRICULTURE & FISHERY

• Integrating ASEAN awareness in
basic education without adding
to the curriculum
• Emphasizing teaching in the
mother tongue
• Developing school infrastructure
& providing for ICT broadband
• Local food security
• Emphasizing degrees, licenses,
& employment opportunities
• Outright grant for peer
monitoring
• Review of RA 9184
• Harnessing science &
technology as an independent
mover pf development
• Ensuring compliance of drug-manufacturing • Protecting & conserving
firms with ASEAN-harmonized standards
biodiversity by full
by full implementation of the FDA
implementation of existing laws
• Creating an education council dedicated to
standardization of pharmaceutical services • Use of biosafety and standard
and care
model by ASEAN countries
• Empowering food and drug agencies to
conduct evidence-based research as pool of • Promoting indigenous people’s
information
conservation
• Allocating 2% of GDP to research
• Formulation of common food
• Legislating law supporting human genome
projects
and safety standards

DOST and NRCP to meet the ASEAN 2015 AGENDA

 ADDITIONAL PROGRAMS BY DOST

FUNDING FROM OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT • Creating science & technology parks for
AID (ODA) FROM DIFFERENT COUNTRIES academe & industry partnerships
• Basic research and applied researches • Balik Scientist Program for Filipino scientists
• Patents related to S&T abroad to serve the Philippines

• Scholarships • Establishment of the National Science Complex

• More PhDs for S&T including engineering and National Engineering Complex inn UPD
• S&T manpower
• More branches of the Philippine Science
• Research products
Highschool Systems
PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE

(PAASE, 2008)
• Establishment of national centers of excellence
• Manpower & institutional development programs
• Establishment of regional centers to support specific industries that will lead the country in
different research and development areas
• Establishment of S&T business centers to assist, advise, and incubate technopreneurship ventures
• Strengthen science education at an early stage through the Philippine Science Highschool
Systems
SCIENCE RELATED PROGRAMS IN EDUCATION

• Special science classes

• Special science elementary schools
• Science and mathematics improvement in basic education
• K to 12 – STEM to encourage enrollment in S & T courses
• CHED graduate scholarship- here and abroad
 RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES

• Alternative & safe energy National goals

• Harnessing mineral resources
• Cure for various illnesses & diseases International treaty
• Climate change & global warming
S&T
• Increasing food production Legal Frameworks  Policies
• Preservation of natural resources  Programs
 Projects
• Coping with natural disasters and calamities Social Needs, Issues, &
problems
• Infrastructure development
FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF S & T (Lee-
Chua, 2000)

RAMON CABANOS BARBA JOSEFINO CACAS COMISO

• Tissue culture in Philippine mangoes • Observation of the characteristics of
Antarctica using satellite images
 JOSE BEJAR CRUZ, JR. LOURDES JANSOY CRUZ
• Known internationally in the field of • Research on sea snail venom
electrical engineering
 RAFAEL DINEROS GUERRERO
FABIAN MILLAR DAYRIT III
• Herbal medicine research • Research on tilapia culture
 ENRIQUE MAPUA OSTREA,
JR. LILIAN FORMALEJO PATENA
“Meconium Drug Testing: method of testing • Research in plant biotechnology
infants for exposure to drugs during pregnancy • Seedless citrus
- discovered and developed by a Filipino”
 MARI-JO PANGANIBAN-RUIZ GREGORY LIGOT TANGONAN
• Outstanding educator and graph theorist • Research in communication technology
 CAESAR A. SALOMA EDGARDO GOMEZ
• physicist • Marine science
• Coral reef assessment
• Giant clams
• Marine sanctuaries/MPAs
 WILLIAM PADOLINA ANGEL ALCALA
• Chemist • Marine science
• President of NAST- Philippines • Marine Protected Area

• herpetologist
 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE
DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO SCIENTISTS
in science SCHOOL SCIENCE
Individual interest SCIENCE LABORATORI
ES
TEACHERS & (REAL-LIFE
family

LEARNING CONTEXT)
ENVIRONME
NT
Natural environment

FILIPINO SCIENTIST
 SCIENTIFIC CAREER SYSTEM

• THE SCIENTIFIC CAREER SYSTEM (SCS) WAS ESTABLISHED WITHIN THE CIVIL
SERVICE PURSUANT TO EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 784 DATED 17 MARCH 1982.
• IT WAS FORMALLY ORGANIZED ON 19 JULY 1983 WITH THE ISSUANCE OF EXECUTIVE
ORDER NO. 901.

• THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SCS WAS FURTHER REINFORCED BY SECTION 4 OF

R.A. 8439 ENTITLED “MAGNA CARTA FOR SCIENTISTS, ENGINEERS RESEARCHERS
AND OTHER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PERSONNEL IN GOVERNMENT”.
 SCIENCE EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES:
trying our best

BASIC EDUCATION TERTIARY EDUCATION

• Learning important concepts and facts • Understanding and appreciation of
related to everyday life science ideas and scientific works
• Skills • Preparation for professional S&T
• Process skills careers
• Critical thinking skills
• Life skills
• Positive attitude for the love of
knowledge and innovation, curiosity
 SCIENCE SCHOOLS IN THE PHILIPPINES
SPECIAL SCIENCE
PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
SCHOOL SYSTEM (PSHSS) (SSES) PROJECT
• Service institute of DOST • 57 IN RP (2007) TO 60
• Scholarship for S&T • Subjects science and health have
• With dormitories longer duration

• Beacon of excellence, courage & • Introduced investigatory projects

hope
• Must take S&T courses, otherwise
pay back….
 QUEZON CITY REGIONAL MANILA SCIENCE HIGH
SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SCHOOL
• DepEd Curriculum with additional subjects in • First science high school in the Philippines
S&T • Curriculum put emphasis in science &
• Well supported by the LGU and PTA mathematics
• Under DepEd, not DOST • Scientists with souls
• Included humanities and other electives

• With entrance exam

CENTRAL VISAYAN
INSTITUTE FOUNDATION

 Dynamic Learning Program (DLP)

 Synthesis of classical and modern
pedagogical theories to foster the highest
learning , creativity & productivity
 Research Center for Theoritical Physics
(RCTP)

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