NUMBERS(2nd)

Important Facts and Formulae

Natural Numbers :
Counting numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 are called natural
numbers. whole Numbers :
All counting numbers together with zero form the set of
whole numbers. Thus,
I.0 is the only whole number which is not a
natural number.
II.Every natural number is a whole number.
Some Important Formulae :
I. ( 1 + 2 + 3 + .....+ n) = n (n + 1 ) / 2
II. (1 2 + 22 + 32 + ..... + n2) = n ( n + 1 ) (2n
+ 1) / 6
III. (1 3 + 23 + 33 + ..... + n3) = n2 (n + 1)2 / 4
PROBLEMS

1. The ratio between a two-digit number and the sum of

the digits of that number is 4 : 1.If the digit in the
unit's place is 3 more than the digit in the ten's place,
what is the number?
a.61 b.71 c.81 d.none of these

2. A number consists of two digits. The sum of the

digits is 9. If 63 is subtracted
from the number, its digits are interchanged. Find the
number.
a.6 b.7 c.5 d.none of these
3. A fraction becomes 2/3 when 1 is added to both,
its numerator and denominator.
And ,it becomes 1/2 when 1 is subtracted from
both the numerator and denominator. Find the
fraction.
a.2/3 b.7/1 c.8/1 d.none
of these
4. 50 is divided into two parts such that the sum of their
reciprocals is 1/ 12.Find the two parts.
a.61 b.71 c.81 d.none of these
5. If three numbers are added in pairs, the sums equal
10, 19 and 21. Find the numbers
a.61 b.71 c.81 d.none of these

6. A number is as much greater than 36 as is less than

86. Find the number.
a.91 b.72 c.81 d.none of these

7. Find a number such that when 15 is subtracted from

7 times the number, the Result is 10 more than twice
the number
a.6 b.7 c.8 d.none of these

8. Find a number such that when 15 is subtracted from

7 times the number, the Result is 10 more than twice
the number
a.30 b.70 c.81 d.none of these

9. The sum of two numbers is 184. If one-third of

the one exceeds one-seventh
of the other by 8, find the smaller number.
a.61 b.31 c.81 d.none of these
10. The difference of two numbers is 11 and one-
fifth
of their sum is 9. Find the
numbers. a.61,43 b.71,59 d.none
c.59,43 of
these
11. The sum of two numbers is 25 and their
difference is 13. Find their product?
a.61 b.36 c.85 d.none of these
12. The difference between a two-digit number and
the number obtained by interchanging the digits is
36.
What is the difference between the sum and
the difference of the digits ofthe
number if the ratio
between the digits of the number is 1 : 2 ?
a.61 b.71 c.81 d.none of these
13. If the sum of a number and its square is 182,
what is the number?
a.3 b.5 c.8 d.none of these

14. If doubling a number and adding 20 to the result

gives the same answer as multiplying the number by
8 and taking away 4 from the product, the number is
a.60 b.30 c.80 d.none of these
15. A number consists of 3 digits whose sum is 10. The
middle digit is equal to the sum of the other two and
the number will be inceased by 99 if its digits are
reserved. The number is
a.38 b.67 c.45 d.none of these

ANSWER KEY
1. C 2. C 3. C
4. A 5. A 6. C
7. B 8. B 9. B
10. C 11. C 12. D
13. B 14. B 15. A
RATIO & PROPOTIONS(4th)
Important Facts and Formulae
What is Ratio
The ratio of two quantities a and b in the same units, is
the fraction
and we write it as a : b.
In the ratio a : b, we call a as the first term which is
also know as antecedent and b, the second term which
is also called consequent.
For example:
4:5=4/5
Here 4 is antecedent and 5 is
consequent Important Rule :
The multiplication or division of each
term of a ratio by the
same non-zero number does not affect the
ratio. For example: 2:3 = 4:6 = 6:9

2. What is Proprotion
Equality of two ratios is called proportion.
The equality of two ratios is called
proportion.
If a : b = c : d, we write a : b :: c : d and we say that a, b,
c, d are in proportion.
Here a and d are called extremes, while b and c are
called mean terms.
Product of means = Product of
extremes. Thus, a : b :: c : d <=> (b x c)
= (a x d).
3. Fourth, third and mean
proportional i). Fourth Proportional:
If a : b = c : d, then d is called the
fourth proportional to a,
b, c.
ii). Third Proportional:
a : b = c : d, then c is called the third proportion to a and
b. iii). Mean Proportional:
Mean proportional between a and b is √ab

4. Comparison of Ratios and Compounded

Ratio i). Comparison of Ratios:
When we say that a:b > c:d, then it means
ab>cd
ii). Compounded Ratio:
The compounded ratio of the ratios: (a : b), (c : d), (e : f)
is (ace : bdf)
Please note it is ratio of first ratio term of every ratio
and second ratio term of every ratio

PROBLEMS
1. If a:b = 2:3 and b:c = 4:3, then find a:b:c

a. 8:12:9b. 6:2:9 c. 18:12:9 d. none

of these

2. Find the fourth proportion to 2,3,6

a.4 b.5 c.9 d.none of
these
 3. If A:B:C = 2:3:4, then findA/B:B/C:C/A
a.1:4:7 b.2:5:6 c.8:9:24 of these d.none

4. IF A:B = 2:3, B:C = 4:5 AND C:D = 6:7, THEN FIND

THE VALUE OF A:B:C:D
a.1:4:3:5 b.5:4:3:1 c.9:5:6:4 d.none of these

5. IF X:Y = THEN FIND THE VALUE OF

(7X1:3,
+3Y):(2X+Y)
a.5:4 b.16:5 c.9:5 d.none of
these

6. RS.120 ARE DIVIDED AMONG A, B, C SUCH THAT

A'S
SHARE IS RS. 20 MORE THAN B'S AND RS. 20 LESS
THAN
C'S.WHAT IS B'S SHARE
a.40 b.20 c.90 d.none of these

7. IN A COLLEGE, THE RATIO OF THE NUMBER OF BOYS

TO GIRLS IS 8 : 5. IF THERE ARE 200 GIRLS, THE TOTAL
NUMBER OF STUDENTS IN THE COLLEGE IS
a.411 b.520 c.419
d.none of these
8. IF THREE NUMBERS IN THE RATIO 3 : 2: 5 BE SUCH
THAT THE SUM OF THEIR SQUARES IS 1862, THE MIDDLE
NUMBER WILL BE
a.14 b.5 c.9 d.none of these

9 THE LEAST WHOLE NUMBER WHICH WHEN

SUBTRACTED FROM BOTH THE TERMS OF THE RATIO 6 :7
TO GIVE A RATIO LESS THAN 16 : 21, IS
a.4 b.5 c.3 d.none of these

10.IF 40% OF A NUMBER IS EQUAL TO TWO-THIRD OF

ANOTHER NUMBER, WHAT IS THE RATIO OF FIRST
NUMBER TO THE SECOND NUMBER.
a.4:5 b.5:3 c.9:7 d.none of
these

11. THE RATIO OF THIRD PROPORTIONAL TO 12 AND

30
AND THE MEAN PROPORTIONAL BETWEEN 9 AND 25 IS
:
a.7:4 b.5:1 c.2:9 d.none of
these

12.IF A : B = 3 : 4 AND B : C = 8 : 9, THEN A : C IS:

a.2:3 b.5:4 c.1:2 d.none of
these
 13. THE SPEEDS OF THREE CARS ARE IN THE RATIO 5 : 4 :
6. THE RATIO BETWEEN THE TIME TAKEN BY THEM TO
TRAVEL THE SAME DISTANCE IS :
a.4:5:8 b.12:15:10 c.9:12:15
d.none of
these

14.Salaries of Ravi and Sumit are in the ratio 2: 3. If the

salary of each is increased by Rs. 4000, the new
ratio becomes 40 : 57. What is Sumit's salary?
a.4:3 b.5:2 c.9:8 d.none of
these

15.The electricity bill of a certain establishment is partly

fixed and partly varies as the number of units of
electricity consumed. When in a certain month 540 units
are consumed, the bill is Rs. 1800. In another month 620
units are consumed and the bill is Rs. 2040. In yet
another month 500 units are consumed. The bill for that
month would be:
a.1654 b.1680 c.1569 d.none of these
1. A 2. C 3. C
ANSWER
4. C KEY 5. B 6. B
7. B 8. A 9. C
10. B 11. B 12. A
13. B 14. D 15. C
HCF(2nd)
Important Facts and Formulae
What is Highest Common Factor (HCF) or Greatest
Common Measure (GCM) or Greatest Common Divisor
(GCD) and How to find it out ?
 Highest Common Factor(H.C.F) or Greatest Common
Measure(G.C.M) or Greatest Common Divisor
(G.C.D)
Highest Common Factor(H.C.F) or Greatest Common
Measure(G.C.M) or Greatest Common Divisor
(G.C.D) of two or more numbers is the greatest
number which divides each of them exactly.
Example : HCF or GCM or GCD of 60 and 75 = 15
because 15 is the highest number which divides both
60 and 75 exactly.
We can find out HCF using prime factorization
method or division method
 How to find out HCF using prime factorization
method
Step1 : Express each number as a product of prime
factors. (Reference: Prime Factorization and how to
find out Prime Factorization)
Step2 : HCF is the product of all common prime
factors using the least power of each common prime
factor.

Example 1 : Find out HCF of 60 and 75

Step1 : Express each number as a product of prime
factors.
60 = 22 × 3 × 5
75 = 3 × 52

Step 2: HCF is the product of all common prime

factors using the least power of each common prime
factor.
Here, common prime factors are 3 and
5 The least power of 3 here = 3
The least power of 5 here = 5
Hence, HCF = 3 × 5 = 15

Example 2 : Find out HCF of 36, 27 and 80

Step1 : Express each number as a product of prime
factors36 = 22 × 32
27 = 33
80 = 24 × 5
 Step2 : HCF = HCF is the product of all common
prime factors using the least power of each common
prime factor.
Here you can see that there are no common prime factors.
Hence, HCF = 1

PROBLEMS

1. Find the greatest number that will divide 43, 91 and

183 so as to leave the same remainder in each case.

2. The H.C.F. of two numbers is 23 and the other two

factors of their L.C.M. are 13 and 14. The larger of
the two numbers is:
a.322 b.341 c.320 d.none
of these

3. Six bells commence tolling together and toll at

intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8 10 and 12 seconds respectively.
In 30 minutes, how many times do they toll
together ?
a.16 b.41 c.20 d.none of these

4. Let N be the greatest number that will divide 1305,

4665 and 6905, leaving the same remainder in each
case. Then sum of the digits in N is:
 a.3 b.4 c.2 d.none of these

5. The greatest number of four digits which is divisible

by 15, 25, 40 and 75 is:
a.3900 b.9600 c.8200 d.none
of these

6. The product of two numbers is 4107. If the H.C.F. of

these numbers is 37, then the greater number is:
a.391 b.910 c.111 d.none
of these

7. Three number are in the ratio of 3 : 4 : 5 and

their
L.C.M. is 2400. Their H.C.F. is:
a.30 b.90 c.40 d.none of these

8. The G.C.D. of 1.08, 0.36 and 0.9 is:

a.0.18 b.1.15 c.8.20 d.none
of these

9. The product of two numbers is 2028 and their H.C.F.

is 13. The number of such pairs is:
a.3 b.6 c.2 d.none of these
10. The least multiple of 7, which leaves a
remainder
of 4, when divided by 6, 9, 15 and 18
is: a.390 b.960 c.364 d.none
these of

11. Find the lowest common multiple of 24, 36 and 40.

a.390 b.960 c.360 d.none
of these

12. The least number which should be added to 2497

so that the sum is exactly divisible by 5, 6, 4 and 3 is:

a.39 b.96 c.23 d.none of these

13. The least number which when divided by 5, 6 , 7

and 8 leaves a remainder 3, but when divided by 9
leaves no remainder, is:

a.3934 b.1683 c.8215 d.none

of these
 14. A, B and C start at the same time in the same
direction to run around a circular stadium. A
completes a round in 252 seconds, B in 308 seconds
and c in 198 seconds, all starting at the same point.
After what time will they again at the starting point ?
a.46 min 12 sec b.96min c.23min 5 sec
d.none of these

15. The H.C.F. of two numbers is 11 and their L.C.M.

is 7700. If one of the numbers is 275, then the other
a.308
is: b. 600 c.200 d.none
these of
ANSWER
KEY

1. B 2. A 3. A
4. B 5. B 6. C
7. C 8. A 9. A
10. C 11. C 12. C
13. B 14. A 15. A
AVERAGE(4th)
Important Facts and Formulae
Average
Average formula is very basic but very important in
examination point of view. If you will check the last
year’s questions in the quantitative examinations then
you will find that many questions have been asked which
were based on average formula.

 Average =Sum of
observations/Number of observations

PROBLEMS

The average of five numbers is 27. If one number is

excluded, the average becomes 25. The excluded number
is
a. 25 b. 35 c. 45 d. none of these
The average score of a cricketer for ten matches
is 38.9 runs. If the average for the first six matches is
42. Then find the average for the last four matches?
a. 36 b. 34.25 c.34 d.none of these
1. The average of six numbers is X and the average of
three of these is If the average of the remaining three
is z, then
2. A motorist travel to a place 150 km away at an
average speed of 50 km/hr and returns are 30 km/hr.
His average speed for the whole journey in km/hr is
a. 36 b. 37.5 c. 45 d. none of these
3. The average salary of all the workers in a workshop
is Rs.8000. The average salary of 7 technicians is
Rs.12000 and the average salary of the rest is
Rs.6000.
The total number of workers in the workshop is
a.20 b.23 c.21 d.none of these
4. After replacing an old member by a new member, it
was found that the average age of five members of a
club is the same as it was 3 years ago. What is the
difference between the ages of the replaced and the
new member?
a.25 b.15 c.23 d.none of these
5. THE AGES OF TWO PERSONS DIFFER BY 20 YEARS. IF 5
YEARS AGO, THE ELDER ONE BE 5 TIMES AS OLD AS
THE YOUNGER ONE, THEIR PRESENT AGES (IN YEARS)
ARE RESPECTIVELY

a. 30,10 B. 20,10 C. 25,35 D. NONE OF THESE

6. RATIO BETWEEN RAHUL AND DEEPAK IS 4:3, AFTER
6 YEARS RAHUL AGE WILL BE 26 YEARS. WHAT IS
DEEPAK PRESENT AGE.

a.25 b.15 c.23 d.none of these

7. SACHIN WAS TWICE AS OLD AS AJAY 10 YEARS BACK.
HOW OLD IS AJAY TODAY IF SACHIN WILL BE 40
YEARS OLD 10 YEARS HENCE

a.25 b.15 c.20 d.none of these

8. IN 10 YEARS, A WILL BE TWICE AS OLD5AS B WAS 10
YEARS AGO. IF A IS NOW 9 YEARS OLDER THAN B,
THE PRESENT AGE OF B IS
a.25 b.39 c.23 d.none of these
10. The average age of 15 students of a class is 15
years. Out of these, the average age of 5 students is
14 years and that of the other 9 students is 16 years.
The age of the 15th student is:
a.11 b.15 c.23 d.none of these
11. 16 children are to be divided into two groups A and
B of 10 and 6 children. The average percent marks
obtained by the children of group A is 75 and the
average percent marks of all the 16 children is 76.
What is the average percent mark of children of
group B?
a.77.66 b.65.66 c.55.65 d.none of these
 12. A family consists of grandparents, parents and
three grandchildren. The average age of the
grandparents is 67 years, that of the parents is 35
years and that of the grandchildren is 6 years. What
is the average of the family(approx)?
a.36 b.32 c.30 d.none of these
13. In an examination, a pupil’s average marks were
63 per paper. If he had obtained 20 more marks for
his Geography paper and 2 more marks for his
History paper, his average per paper would have
been 65, how many papers were there in the
examination?
a.10 b.11 c.12 d.none of these
14. The average salary of all the workers in a
workshop is Rs. 8000. The average salary of 7
technicians is Rs. 12000 and the average salary of the
rest is Rs. 6000. The total number of workers in the
workshop is:
1. B a.22 b.23 c.24 d.none
2. B of these 3. B
4.B 5. C 5. B
7.A 8. B 9. C
10. B 11. A 12. A
13.B 14. B 15. A