Lesson 1

Antiderivatives and the

Power Formula
Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to

• Define antidifferentiation or integration
• Be familiar with the properties of indefinite integrals
• Perform basic integration by applying the power
formula
• Perform integration using simple substitution
 Antiderivatives
•A  function is called an antiderivative (or integral) of the function on a given interval if
for every value of in the interval.

For example, the function is an antiderivative of on the interval since for each in the
given interval , which is equal to .

However, is not the only antiderivative of on the given interval. If we add any constant
to , the function .
•In  general, once any single antiderivative is known, the other antiderivatives can
be obtained by adding constants to the known derivatives. Thus, , , , , are all
antiderivatives of .

Theorem:
If is any antiderivative of on an open interval, then for any constant , the
function is also an antiderivative on that interval. Moreover, each antiderivative
of on the interval can be expressed in the form by choosing the constant
appropriately.
Definition: The Indefinite Integral
•   process of finding antiderivatives is called antidifferentiation or integration.
The
Thus, if , then integrating (or antidifferentiating) the function produces an
antiderivative of the form . To emphasize this process, we use the following notation,

where,
is the antiderivative
is the integral sign
is the integrand
is the constant of integration
indicates that is the variable of integration
•Some
  of the properties of indefinite integral and basic integration formulas, which need
no proof from the fact that these properties are also known properties of differentiation,
are listed below.

Properties of Indefinite Integral and Basic Integration Formula:

i. ( Definition of an integral)
ii.
iii.
iv. ( The Power Formula )
 The General Power Formula
•In  evaluating , it will be more convenient to let and write the differential form . Thus,

The generalized power formula therefore is:

or

The method of u-substitution may be applied in evaluating an integral with the substitution
and
Examples:
•1.  Evaluate

Solution:

2. Evaluate
Solution:
•3.  Evaluate
Solution 1:

Solution 2:
•  Solution 3: (by u-substitution)

4. Evaluate
Solution:
•5.  Evaluate

Solution:

6. Evaluate
Solution:
•7.  Evaluate

Solution:
Exercises:

•  
Evaluate the following integrals:

3.