SRT 605: ANOVA

Dr Tan Chee Hian

Profesor Madya
Sports Management Department
FSR, UiTM Shah Alam
03-55442949
A4046
tanchee@salam.uitm.edu.my
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA)
Introduction
Apply for more than 2 groups/category independent variable.
- If only one classifying variable, then we have one-way ANOVA
(parametric test) or Kruskal Wallis (nonparametric test). e.g.
treatment groups.
- If two classifying variables are present, then we have two-ways
ANOVA. e.g. treatment groups and route of taking medication.
ANOVA

Dependent Variables *(numerical)

Liked: age, BP, glucose level, weight, height etc
Independent Variables * (Categorical)
Liked: Group A, Group B and Group C
Anova

a) Independent variable (IV):

- more than two groups
b) Dependent variable (DV):
– numerical
c) Observations/sample: Independent
d) Distribution of data – Normal (Parametric)
One- way ANOVA
One-way ANOVA is conducted to access whether population means
are significantly different among groups.

- If the overall ANOVA test is statistically significant, then, pairwise

comparison test should be conducted to investigate which of the two
populations means are significantly different.
Assumptions for ANOVA
1) Random sample.
2) The observations are independent.
3) The distribution is normal.
4) The variance for the observations are equal.

If assumption not met?

used Non-parametric Method
Kruskal Wallis Test
Calculation Manually
Suppose the result of the treatment for three different races, namely
Malay 1, Chinese 2 and Indian 3, and we are interested in testing
whether these population means are different. These sample are
randomly selected.
 Data
Malay1 Chinese2 Indian3
77 75 89
68 68 75
80 82 68
75 85 82
68 79 89
82 75 90
79 68 75
83 82 68
65 85 96
86 91 93
Steps
Step 1: Generate the hypothesis
Ho: μ1 = μ2 = μ3
Ha: At least two of the treatment groups are different.

Step 2: Set the significance level

α = 0.05
Con’t
Step 3: Checking the assumptions
Assumptions for ANOVA
1. Random sample: from statement
2. The observations are independent: Each observation refer to
different group.
3. The distribution is normal.
SPSS - Computer
Select Analyze=>Descriptive Statistics=> Explore
Insert treatment in the Dependent List box.
Insert group in the Factor List box.
In the Explore: Plot, click on the Normality
Plots with Test and Histogram.
SPSS
Con’t
4. The variance for the observations are equal.

A= ∑X² B = (∑X )²
N
C= (∑X 1 )² + (∑ X 2 )² + …… + (∑X k )²
n1 n2 nk
Table used
One Way ANOVA
Test statistics using SPSS:
Analyze => compare mean = > One-way ANOVA
Insert Treatment in Dependent List box
Insert Group in Factor box
Select Post Hoc and click Bonferroni and continue
Select Option and click Descriptive and Homogeneity of variance test and
continue
Select Ok
SPSS
Report of result APA
Table 1: Descriptive Results

Treatment n Mean SD 95% CI

1 10 76.30 7.15 81.41
2 10 79.00 7.51 84.37
3 10 92.50 10.36 89.91
Con’t
Table 2: One way ANOVA for the treatment

Sum of Square df mean square F

Between groups 193.267 2 96.633 1.349
Within groups 1934.600 27 71.652
Total 2127.867 29

Conclusion : An analysis of variance showed that the effect of treatment was non
significant, F(2,27) = 1.35, p = 0.277
Kruskal Wallis Tests
Use the same dataset and run for non parametric test.
- Analyze => Non parametric Tests => Legacy dialogue => k Independent
sample
- Insert Treatment in Test variable list box
- Insert Group in Grouping variable box
- Click Define range, insert Min and Max and continue
- Click Option and Descriptive and continue
- Click Ok
Con’t – Non para
Example
Shary wants to study a mean difference for sport performance score
between 3 groups of player. A number of 150 FSR students was
randomly sample from football player, netball player and badminton
player.

What is the appropriate method used in the data given.

Solution
1. dependent variable– sport performance score
(numerical)
2. independent variable – football player, netball player and badminton player (3
groups)
3. Groups observation – independent
4. Distribution – n=150, sample size is large enough to CLT, so consider normal
distribution

ANALYSIS METHOD: One-way ANOVA

Example
Ahmad would like to study is there any difference in weight between
3 groups of badminton player. A sample of 60 player was randomly
selected. One of the group was normal distribution .

What is analysis method that appropriate for this data?