Control of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs)

Evadelene Jean Baptiste, Samuel Eliacin, Rexzie Gaviola, Alexia Rodriguez, Liza Sottile, Silvia Uzun,
Joanne Voltaire, Jessica Yoder

Significance of Topic Major Quantitative Findings Quantitative Nursing Practice

❖One in thirty-one patients acquire at least one HAI
(CDC, 2018)
❖In 2015 alone, there were approximately 697,000
incidents of HAIs for patients in acute care
hospitals (CDC. 2018)
❖About 72,000 of those patients died during their
hospitalization (CDC, 2018)
❖About 2-5% of all surgical procedures can result
in an infection at the surgical site which can be
prevented by proper hand hygiene (Padgette, 2017)
❖The costs associated with this problem is more
than $30 billion annually (Watson, 2016).
❖The median Length of Stay (LOS) was 24
days in infected patients and 5 days in non-
infected patients (Ohannessian et. al, 2017).
❖Among infected patients (Bacteremia,
Pneumonia, Urinary Tract Infection) 72.3%
had 1 infected site, 23% had 2 infected sites,
and 4.7% had 3 infected sites(Ohannessian et.
al, 2017).
❖Absence of a secure methodology to
guarantee antimicrobial use puts patients at
risk for HAIs.
Contribution
❖Strengthen institutional policy of
rationalization of antimicrobial use (Alves, et
al, 2016)
❖Update institutional policies to increase
patient safety on infection and assistance
quality (Alves, et al, 2016)

Qualitative Nursing Practice

Major Qualitative Findings
❖Patients should be thought of as a stakeholder and
should have a role in the prevention of HCAI (Seale, et
al, 2016)
❖Benefits of patient empowerment includes improved
communication, higher standards of care, and staff
assistance (Seale, et al, 2016)
❖Participants closely related patient empowerment to
Four Critical Citations
Contribution
❖Patients’ knowledge and skills deficit in regard to ❖Alves, M., Freire, E., Oliveira de Paula, A., & Ribeiro, H. (2016). Non-
conformities in hospitals related to the infection and adverse events prevention
infection and aseptic techniques should be addressed and control. Journal of Nursing, 10(9), 3344-3351. doi: 10.5205/reuol.9571-
(Chaboyer, et al, 2018) 83638-1-SM1009201620
❖ Ohannessian, R., Bénet, T., Argaud, L., Guérin, C., Guichon, C., Piriou, V., …
❖Patient’s should be informed of common pathogens Vanhems, P. (2017). Heat map for data visualization in infection control
associated with HAI, risk factors, how patients are epidemiology: An application describing the relationship between hospital-
acquired infections, Simplified Acute Physiological Score II, and length of stay
infected and how to minimize transmission (Seale, et in adult intensive care units. American Journal Of Infection Control, 45(7), 746–
al, 2016) 749. https://doiorg.ezproxy.fau.edu/10.1016/j.ajic.2017.02.012

patient-centered care, based on the principles of shared
responsibility and the building of trust and respect
between the caregiver and patient (Seale, et al, 2016)
❖ If steps from the endotracheal aspiration technique are
ignored, they could lead to further complications
(Gonçalves et. al, 2015)
❖The decrease in ventilation time is a strategy in ❖ Oliveira Gonçalves, É., Santos de Lima, M., de Lima Melo, J., Rodrigues Pontes,
M. S., Barros Sousa, A. O., & Pinheiro Albernaz, M. (2015). Practical Nursing
reducing Pneumonia Associated to Mechanical Assistants and Pneumonia Prevention Associated with Mechanical Ventilation in
Ventilator (PAVM), because the patient that depends ICU Journal of Nursing UFPE / Revista de Enfermagem UFPE, 9(12), 1069–
1077. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fau.edu/10.5205/reuol.8127-71183-1-
on the ventilator is more vulnerable to infections and SM.0912201503
exposure to pathogens (Gonçalves et. al, 2015). ❖ Seale, H., Chughtai, A. A., Kaur, R., Phillipson, L., Novytska, Y., & Travaglia, J.
(2016). Empowering patients in the hospital as a new approach to reducing the
❖Preventative measure of PAMV should include
burden of health care–associated infections: The attitudes of hospital health care
washing hands, wearing gloves, proper oral hygiene workers. American Journal of Infection Control, 44(3), 263-268.
and raising the HOB 30-35 degrees during feedings. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2015.10.003
(Gonçalves et. al, 2015). ***Other references available upon request
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%20Quantitative%20article.pdf

***Other Refrences Upon Request

- Padgette, P. (2017). Understanding and Improving Surgical Hand Hygiene Compliance. AORN Journal, 105(6), 614–618. https://doi-

org.ezproxy.fau.edu/10.1016/j.aorn.2017.04.011

- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Healthcare-associated infections. Retrieved

from: https://www.cdc.gov/hai/data/portal/index.html

- Watson, G. (2016). The Hospital Safety Crisis. Society, 53(4), 339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-016-0028-2