CAUSE AND

EFFECT
Think about when you woke up today. In all likelihood,
you were probably woken up by the sound of an alarm
clock. The loud sound of the alarm was the cause.
Without the alarm, you probably would have overslept.
In this scenario, the alarm had the effect of you waking
up at a certain time. This is what we mean by cause and
effect.
DEFINITION
Cause-effect relationship is a relationship in which one
event (the cause) makes another event happen (the
effect). One cause can have several effects.
LET’S ANALYZE !
 Soedirman doesn’t come to teach his
students because he is sick.

 Soedirman doesn’t come to teach his

students because of he is sick.
CONNECTOR BECAUSE / AS / SINCE / FOR
 followed by complete sentence (S+V) / (S + tobe)

… because clause, main clause

… main clause + because clause

 Example : The field is clean because the gardeners take care of it.
 Because the gardeners take care of the field, it is clean

* note : if the because clause is in the beginning of sentence, we

have to put (,) between two clauses.
MORE EXAMPLES :
 My parents are here because today is my birthday.
 Because Andi and Budi felt so sleepy, they went to bed
early.
 She comes here because she misses her mother.

 The naughty students don’t pass the final exam because

they never study.
 I will be given a bowl of fruit salad because I like it.
B. BECAUSE OF / DUE TO / OWING TO =
DIKARENAKAN

… because of + noun (phrase) / pronoun / v-ing

Example :
 Because of the storm, my father arrives at the office at
eleven o’clock.
 Due to the traffic jam, Mr. Andrew arrived late.

 Because of you, my life has changed.

 I was bored owing to her speech.

 I am happy because of getting good score.

THANKS TO...

 Only to explain a positive cause and effect relationship.

Example :
Thanks to his hard work, he is now a very succesfull
businessman.
CONNECTORS SHOWING EFFECT
Coordinating Conjunction (‘so’)
1. The Biology teacher was sick, so
Mr Nando taught the students.
2. The road is being repaired, so we
have to take another way.
3. The students are undisciplined, so
they got punished.
Conjunctive Adverb (‘Therefore,
Consequently, as a result)
1. The Biology teacher was sick.
Therefore, Mr Nando taught the
students.
2. The road is being repaired.
Consequently, we have to take
another way.
3. The students are undisciplined. As
a result, they got punished.