HVG

• Hydride Vapour Generator.

• For volatile elements such as arsenic (As),
selenium (Se), antimony (Sb), tin (Sn), bismuth
(Bi), tellurium (Te).
• Conversion of elements to metal hydrides by
sodium borohydride under acidic condition.
 Detection limit
improved to ppb level. As
 Suitable for calibration
curve
environmental analysis.
 HVG - Reaction
As, Bi, Sb, Se, Sn, Te Gaseous Hydride
HVG-1 Atomization

Flame Electrical heating cell

BH4- + 3H2O + H+ H3BO3 + 4H2

nascent hydrogen

3BH4- + 3H + + 4H3AsO3 4AsH3 + 3H2O + 3H3BO3

HVG-1 - Flow Line
 Arsenic (As) In Water
• Acute and chronic poisoning
(accumulative effect), carcinogenic.
• Industrial discharge and herbicides.
• Detect As (III) with HVG.
• Can detect with GFA if no interferences
materials (American Water Works
Association).
 As In Drinking Water
 Sample preparation for HVG based on Japan
Waterworks.

Add HCl and potassium iodide.

Heat without boiling.

 As In Waste Water
 Sample preparation for HVG based on Japan
Industrial Standards (JIS).

Heat with H2SO4 and HNO3. Cool down.

Add HCl and potassium iodide.

 MVU
• Mercury Vapour Unit.
• Mercury ion in solutions reduced by SnCl2 to
elemental mercury which vaporizes at room
temperature. MVU-1
 Suitable for
environmental analysis
of mercury in water.
 Can detect 0.1 ppb
mercury
MVU – Flow Line
 Mercury (Hg) In Water
• Corrosive effects on skin, kidney
damage.
• From industrial e.g. anti-fouling paint.
• Detect with MVU (Am Water Works
Assoc).
 Hg In Drinking & Waste Water
 Sample preparation for MVU based on Japan
Waterworks and JIS.

Reflux at 95oC with H2SO4, HNO3 and

5% potassium permanganate.

Add 10% hydroxylamine hydrochloride acid.

Reduction by SnCl2.