Environmental Issues The harmful effects of

The Deadly Reason human activity on the

biophysical environment.
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Major Problems

Climate
Natural Water Biodiversity Pollution and
Change: Global
Disasters Quality and Loss Impact of
Warming
Availability Energy
Technology

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POPULATION GROWTH

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Major Solutions

Sustainable Planting Conservation

Goals and
Preservation

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Environmental
Management and Policies
VAN BARRY D. PAR, MSc.
Senior Lecturer I-B, CAS
Environmental Management
What is Environmental Management?
• Environmental management is required
for development without destruction or
overuse of natural resources and to reduce
pollution and degradation of nature.
Why it is necessary?
• Considering the welfare of future
generations, proper decisions regarding
the use of environment are necessary

• Environmental management is not easy to define.

As Barrow (2005) has acknowledged, it can refer
to a goal or vision, to attempts to steer a process,
to the application of a set of tools, to a
philosophical exercise seeking to establish new
perspectives towards the environment and human
societies, and to much more besides.

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Environmental Management: it’s Characteristics and Objectives
The characteristic features of the
environmental management are:
1. It deals with a world affected by
humans;
2. It supports sustainable development;
3. It demands a multidisciplinary approach;
4. It has to integrate different development
viewpoints;
5. It concerns with short-term and long-
term planning as well as from local to
global scale; and
6. It seeks to integrate natural and social
science, policy making and planning.
Time has now come when our policy makers as well
as society should aim to protect, conserve and
regulate the development in such a way that it will
not create any adverse effect on ecosystem and needs
of the people can also be fulfilled.
Throughout the world, particularly in
developing countries, these are an urgent
need for the management of the total
environment.
In the first instance environ- mental
management must do three things:
(i) Identify goals;
(ii) Establish whether these can be met, and
(iii) Develop and implement means to do
what it deems possible. 
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Environmental Management: it’s Characteristics and Objectives
A simple scheme for environmental Thus, environmental management is an approach which
management has been depicted by integrates ecology, policy making, planning and social
environmentalists: development.
Its main objectives include:
1. To prevent and solve environmental problems;
2. To establish limits;
3. To develop research institutions and monitoring systems;
4. To warn threats and identify opportunities;
5. To suggest measures for resource conservation;
6. To develop a strategy for the improvement of quality of
life;
7. To suggest long-term and short-term policies for
sustainable development; and
8. To identify new technology for sustainable development.
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Environmental Management
Who is responsible for EM?
Environmental managers are a diverse
group of people including:
• Academics
• Policy-makers
• Non-governmental organisation (NGO)
workers
• Company employees
• Civil servants and a wide range of
individuals or groups who make
decisions about the use of natural
resources (such as fishers, farmers and
pastoralists).
From another point of view, environmental
management may be defined as a process
concerned with human-environment
interactions which seeks to identify:
o what are environmentally desirable
outcomes
o what are the physical, economic, social,
cultural, political and technological
constraints to achieving those outcomes
o what are the most feasible options for
achieving those outcomes
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Environmental
Management and the
Legislative Control in the
Philippines Today
Brief Summary

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Background
As with other Southeast Asian nations, the
Philippines is experiencing rapid population
growth in its urban and rural areas.
The air is being polluted, rivers and inland
waters in urban areas are suffering water
pollution, waste products are increasing in
volume and creating environmental pollution
resulting from their disposal, and natural
environments are increasingly under threat.
These are the environmental problems the
country is confronting and their resolution is
a pressing task.

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Legislation equivalent to the Philippines Basic Environment Law
It deals with environmental issues in general
are the Presidential Decree 1151: the
Philippine Environmental Policy, and the
Presidential Decree 1152, the Philippine
Environmental Code, both adopted under
the Marcos regime in 1977.
However, these environmental laws had
shortcomings: for example, multiple
executive bodies were designated to be in
charge of one specific problem, creating
reduplication and necessitating coordination
among bodies concerned. Also, shortage of
personnel, equipment, and financial
resources meant difficulty in implementing
these laws.
Under the administration of President
Aquino, who took office in 1986, a
new constitution was adopted and
environmental rights became part of
constitutional rights. In this regard, the basic
principles enshrined in the Presidential
Decrees 1151 and 1152 were upheld.
With respect to the environmental
administrative system, the DENR was
put in sole charge, and the
environmental laws are now undergoing
review in the form of legislation being
passed through the national assembly, with
many bills having been presented and
debated since 1992. Your Logo or Name Here 12
Government Environmental Policies and Organization
Department of Environment and National The 6 important bureaus are:
Resources (DENR)
• Forest Management Bureau
• It took charge of all environmental
administration. • Mines and Geosciences Bureau
• It is a body that has the integrated and • Environmental Management
strengthened authority of the former
Department of Natural Resources and the Bureau
Ministry of House Settlements. • Ecosystems Research and
• Its task is to make policy decisions on
environment and natural resources and to
Development Bureau
balance development activities with
environmental management, with the aim to
• Protected Areas and Wildlife
achieve sustainable development. Bureau
• The DENR consists of 8 staff offices, 6 staff • Lands Management Bureau.
bureaus, 4 attached agencies and 13 regional
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offices in the administrative districts.
Philippine Environmental Policy
Presidential Decree 1151
• It defines the continuing policy of
the state to develop and maintain a
better quality of life for present and
future generations by recognizing
the right of every Filipino to a
healthy environment.
• It was also the first environmental
law to introduce the concept of
Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) in the country.
(enacted on June 6, 1977)
Presidential Decree 1152
• It defines the management policy
objectives and strategies for water,
air, natural resources, land and
waste management by prescribing
the enforcement of environmental
quality standards.
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The Philippine Environmental Policy and Code
• It laid the groundwork for subsequent environmental management
undertakings in the country, were further reinforced by the 1987
Philippine Constitution.

• The Constitution mandates the protection of the right of the people

to a balanced and healthful ecology as one of its major Policy
Statements.

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The Philippine Environmental Code
• Thus, in 1996, Congress initiated the revision of the Philippine
Environmental Code with the intent of having a holistic national
program on environmental management.

• Based on the Pollution Control and Waste Management Laws

posted in https://emb.gov.ph/laws-and-policies-3/

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Republic Act 8749
“An Act Providing For A Comprehensive
Air Pollution Control Policy And For
Other Purposes” wherein this Act shall be
known as the "Philippine Clean Air Act
of 1999“
It describes the requirements for a
comprehensive air pollution control
and management program in the
country.
Department Administrative Order
No. 2020-14
“Establishing the Provisional National
Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values for
Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5)”
It describes the following AQI Breakpoints
that are less than and beyond the level of
Particulate Matter 2.5 and their cautionary
statements for the general public
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Presidential Decree 1067
WATER CODE OF THE
PHILIPPINES • Use of water for municipal purposes is
It describes that available water in the
country may be appropriated for the
following descending purposes and
uses:
• Use of water for domestic purposes is
the utilization of water directly drawn
from a source by a household for
drinking, washing, bathing, cooking,
watering of gardens or animals and other
the utilization of water for supplying the
water requirements of a community,
whether by piped or bulk distribution for
domestic and other uses, direct
consumption, the drawer or abstractor of
which being the national government, its
subsidiary agencies, local government
units, private persons, cooperatives or
corporations. Your Logo or Name Here 19

Presidential Decree 1067
WATER CODE OF THE
PHILIPPINES
It describes that available water in the
country may be appropriated for the
following descending purposes and
uses:
• Use of water for irrigation is the
utilization of water for producing
agricultural crops
• Use of water for power generation is the of recreation.
utilization of water for producing
• Use of water for fisheries is the utilization of
water for the propagation and culture of fish as a
commercial enterprise or any other aqua-culture
ventures.
• Use of water for livestock raising is the
utilization of water for large herds or flocks of
animals raised as a commercial enterprise.
• Use of water for industrial purposes is the
utilization of water in factories, industrial plants
and mines including the use of water as an
ingredient of a finished product.
• Use of water for recreational purposes is the
utilization of water for swimming pools, bath
houses, boating, water skiing, golf courses and
other similar facilities in resorts and other places
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REPUBLIC ACT 9275
PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER ACT • It was signed on March 22, 2004.
OF 2004
The law aims to protect the country's water
• The Act imposes stringent measures to
bodies from pollution from land-based
sources (industries and commercial prevent further pollution of the country’s
establishments, agriculture and water resources and provides for the
community/household activities). collection of pollution charges in the form
of fees from industries discharging
It provides for comprehensive and integrated wastewaters. The discharge fees are
strategy to prevent and minimize pollution computed based on the volume and
through a multi-sectoral and participatory concentration of effluents.
approach involving all the stakeholders. Your Logo or Name Here 21
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 825
PROVIDING PENALTY FOR IMPROPER
All garbages, filth and other waste
DISPOSAL OF GARBAGE AND OTHER
matters, shall be placed in the proper
FORMS OF UNCLEANLINESS AND FOR
receptacles for the disposition thereof by
OTHER PURPOSES
garbage collectors.
Declared under the administration of Pres.
FERDINAND E. MARCOS

It provides the provision of existing laws to Any person, who shall litter or throw
garbage, filth, or other waste matters, in
the contrary notwithstanding, all citizens and
public places, such as roads, canals
residents of the Philippines and all other
esteros or parks, shall suffer an
establishments of any kinds, shall undertake
imprisonment and fines.
the cleaning of their own surroundings, their
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yards and gardens, as well as the canals,
REPUBLIC ACT 9003
ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000
Enacted on July 24, 2000
In partnership with stakeholders, the law The law ensures proper segregation,
aims to adopt a systematic, comprehensive collection, storage, treatment and disposal
and ecological solid waste management of solid waste through the formulation
program that shall ensure the protection of and adaptation of best eco-waste products.
public health and environment.

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REPUBLIC ACT 6969
TOXIC SUBSTANCES,
HAZARDOUS AND NUCLEAR
WASTE CONTROL ACT OF 1990
It likewise prohibits the entry, even in
The law aims to regulate restrict or prohibit transit, of hazardous and nuclear wastes
the importation, manufacture, processing, and their disposal into the Philippine
sale, distribution, use and disposal of territorial limits for whatever purpose; and
chemical substances and mixtures the present to provide advancement and facilitate
unreasonable risk to human health. research and studies on toxic chemicals.

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PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 1586
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
STATEMENT (EIS) STATEMENT
OF 1978
EIA is a planning and management tool
that will help government, decision
The Environment Impact Assessment System makers, the proponents and the affected
was formally established in 1978 with the community address the negative
enactment of Presidential Decree no. 1586 to consequences or risks on the environment.
facilitate the attainment and maintenance of The process assures implementation of
rational and orderly balance between socio- environment-friendly projects.
economic development and environmental
protection. Your Logo or Name Here 25
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 1586
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
STATEMENT (EIS) STATEMENT
OF 1978
EIA is a planning and management tool
that will help government, decision
The Environment Impact Assessment System makers, the proponents and the affected
was formally established in 1978 with the community address the negative
enactment of Presidential Decree no. 1586 to consequences or risks on the environment.
facilitate the attainment and maintenance of The process assures implementation of
rational and orderly balance between socio- environment-friendly projects.
economic development and environmental
protection. Your Logo or Name Here 26
For air, water and waste management, the
challenge, really, is to maintain the new
regulations and it require substantial
investments, not only in pollution prevention,
but in the entire environmental management
program implementation as well.
Thank You!
VAN BARRY D. PAR, MSc.
09397792861
Vanbarry.par@mseuf.edu.ph