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c1-5 Coordinate Geometry
c1-5 Coordinate Geometry
Core 1
for Edexcel
C1.5 Coordinate
geometry
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The distance between the points A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) is
( x2 x1 ) 2 + ( y2 y1 )2
y
(x2, y2)
x1 + x2 is the mean of the
2 x-coordinates.
(x1, y1) x1 + x2 y1 + y2
,
2 2 y1 + y2 is the mean of the
2 y-coordinates.
0 x
Let the coordinates of the points P be (a, b). We can then write
3 + a 4 + b
, = (1, –2)
2 2
If we are given any two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) on a line we
can calculate the gradient of the line as follows:
change in y y
the gradient = (x2, y2)
change in x
y2 – y1
Draw a right-angled triangle (x1, y1)
between the two points on x2 – x1
the line as follows:
y2 y1
the gradient, m = 0 x
x2 x1
Rearranging:
y 5
=2
x2
y – 5 = 2(x – 2)
y – 5 = 2x – 4
y = 2x + 1
So, the equation of the line passing through the point (2, 5)
with a gradient of 2 is y = 2x + 1.
Suppose a straight line passes through the points A(x1, y1) and
B(x2, y2) with another point on the line P(x, y).
y The gradient of AP = the gradient of AB.
P(x, y)
B(x2, y2) y y1 y2 y1
So =
A(x1, y1) x x1 x2 x1
y y1 x x1
Or =
0 x y2 y1 x2 x1
2 + 4 2 + ( 1)
M is the point , = (1, 2)
1
2 2
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Perpendicular lines
A 0 B x