Oral Presentation

1
Five Ways to Get and Retain Attention
Use humor
It has to be relevant and not offensive to the audiences.

Tell a story
Slice-of-life stories that indicate key points can be added.

Pass around a sample

Passing a sample of product to the audiences.

Ask a question
Asking questions will get the audience actively involved.

State a startling statistic

Adding interesting statistic, and details about it.

2
Types of Delivery

The Manuscript Delivery

It is delivered word for word from a typed manuscript.

The Memorized Presentation

The presenter memorizes the presentation in advance from a
written source.

The Impromptu Presentation

Spontaneous presentation without any prior preparation.

Extemporaneous Speaking
Carefully prepared presentation from notes and/or outlines.

3
Compose the Content

• Use relatively short and simple sentences

• Avoid using technical expressions and acronyms unfamiliar
to your audience
• Employ techniques like summarization, restatement,
enumeration, and transitions to help audience follow the
presentation
• Round off numbers and statistics, and avoid adding too
many figures

4
Selecting Design Elements
Foreground designs and artwork: The foreground
contains the unique text and artwork that make up each
individual slide.

Functional artwork includes photos, graphs, and other

visual elements containing information that is part of
your message.
In contrast, decorative artwork is there simply to
enhance the look of your slides.

5
Continue..
Fonts and type styles. When selecting fonts and
type styles for slides, avoid script or decorative fonts,
italicized type, and all-capitalized words and phrases.

Choose font sizes that are easy to read from anywhere

in the room, include extra “white space” between lines
of text, and use at most two or three fonts on a slide.

6
Fonts and type styles. When selecting fonts and type styles for slides, avoid
script or decorative fonts, italicized type, and all-capitalized words and phrases .

Choose font sizes that are easy to read from anywhere in

the room, include extra “white space” between lines of
text, and use at most two or three fonts on a slide.

Fonts and type styles. When selecting fonts and type

styles for slides, avoid script or decorative fonts, italicized
type, and all-capitalized words and phrases.
7
Remember that maintaining design consistency is
critical because audiences start to assign meaning to
visual elements beginning with the first slide.

Therefore, do not change colors or other design

elements randomly throughout your presentation.

8
9
10
Animation and Multimedia

Transitions
Transitions

Builds
Builds
Decorative Functional

Hyperlinks
Hyperlinks

Audio or
Audio or Video
Video

11
Animation & Builds
Animation can be functional or decorative.
For instance, having each bullet point fly in from the
left side of the screen does not add any functional
value to your communication effort.
In contrast, a highlighted arrow or color bar that
emphasizes specific points in a technical diagram can
be effective.
Therefore, use animation in support of the message,
not simply for its own sake.

12
In addition to animating specific elements on your
slides, PowerPoint also provides options for adding
motion between slides.
These transitions control how one slide replaces
another on screen.
 Use subtle transitions to ease your viewer’s gaze from
one slide to the next. Similar to transitions, builds
control the release of text and graphics on individual
slides.
Stick with basic, subtle build options.
13
 Hyperlink & Multimedia
Hyperlinks build flexibility into your presentations. A
hyperlink instructs your computer to jump to another
slide in your presentation, to a website, or to another
program entirely. Hyperlinks can be simple underlined
text or they can be assigned to action buttons, a variety of
pre-programmed icons available in PowerPoint. Action
buttons let you perform such common tasks as jumping
forward to a specific slide or opening an Excel worksheet.

Multimedia elements, such as audio or video clips, can

be a great way to complement your textual message. Just
make sure that such elements are relevant, interesting,
and brief.
14
Construct the Outline
Full Sentence Outline
1.0 The cost has increased by 25 percent in 2007
1.1 The primary reason is the new employee dental plan
1.2 Another reason is the 5 percent increase in employees

Key Phrase Outline

I. Benefits increased by 25 percent in 2007
A. New employee dental plan
B. 5 percent increase in employees

Key Word Outline

I. Increased
Dental
Employee
15
Memorize the Start and End

• Memorize the starting and ending point of the

presentation.
• Give a look at the outline after the opening remarks.
• At the end, look up from the outline, pause, and speak
directly to the audience to conclude the session.

16
Practice Your Presentation

• Practice from the beginning to the end

• Practice the use of your visual aids
• Time your presentation
• Use audio-visual feedback
• Ask for feedback from colleagues or superiors

17
Delivering Presentations

Overcome Anxiety
Overcome Anxiety Answer
Answer Questions
Questions

18
Overcoming Anxiety
Practice for success

Prepare extra material

Think positively

Visualize success

Take deep breaths

Be ready to go
19
 Do not panic

 Be comfortable

 Focus on the message

 Focus on the audience

 Maintain eye contact

 Keep on going

20
Responding to Questions
Set Ground Rules Be Prepared

Note Nonverbal Cues Give Honest Answers

Maintain Control End the Presentation

21
 Deliver Your Presentation
Vocal Delivery
Vocal expressiveness: Variation in the pitch, rate, and
volume of the speaking.
Vocal emphasis: Three techniques can be applied –
• Pause before or after a key word
• Slow down when you reach an important passage
• Increase or decrease volume
Appropriate rate and Volume
Articulation and Pronunciation
22
Non-Verbal Communication
• Non-verbal communication makes no use of the words,
sentences, grammar and other structures that we
associate with spoken and written language.

• Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions,

eye contact, tone of voice, body posture and motions, and
positioning within groups.

• Verbal communication is organized by language; non-

verbal communication is not.

23
Non-Verbal Communication (Contd.)

Types of non-verbal communication:

• Eye contact or gaze
• Facial expression
• Gesture, especially use of hands and arms
• Dress
• Posture
• Paralanguage

24
 Eye Contact
• Important way in which we communicate our feelings
towards other people
• Initial eye contact to assess a stranger
• Staring – identified as threatening form or behavior
• If we staring at someone, their behavior will change,
often becoming either defensive or at the other
extreme aggressive towards you
• Deeply suspicious of people who ‘cannot look us in
the eye’; they are seen as shifty or people with
something to hide
• Gazing – look steadily, sometimes in intimidating
way
• Eye contact – can be an index of the closeness of a
relationship that people share
25
 Facial Expression
• Facial expression is bound to be an important indicator to
other people of our attitudes, state of mind and relationships
to them
• Human face has a complex arrangement of muscles that
allows us to produce a whole range of different expressions,
most of which are an index of our feelings (happy, sad, pain,
etc.)
• Smiling – important facial gesture that indicate that we
pleased to see other people

26
Facial Expression - Activities

27
 Gesture (Hands and arms)
• Gestures, e.g: handshake
• How to tell someone to be quiet in a library?
• We use gesture when our voice engaged, e.g: talking
on the telephone, we used gesture to tell another
person to come and sit down
• Many of the gestures are automatic. When we
speaking on the telephone, we often make hand
gestures
• Gestures that we make for pushing people away vs.
drawing them towards us.

28
 Posture
 The way in which we position our bodies
 Early age:
 “sit up straight”, “shoulder back” – instruction heard at
home or school
 Upright posture – people who have confident (police, army)
 Posture is another sign of the status and role within society
(army, police)
 Use posture as one means of indicating to another person
our feelings of friendship or hostility
 “hands on hips” – confrontational and hostile
 Group – imitating the postures of the people they are with
(mirroring, postural congruence)
 Cross legs, fold their arms
 Reinforce group identities

29
 Paralanguage
 Those utterances that we make when we are
speaking
 When we speak, we make noise that aren’t
words (‘um’ or ‘ah’), we raise and lower voices,
we pause, we stress some words
 Important aspect of the message when we are
communicating
 E.g: “The house is on fire” ~statement
“The house is on fire!” ~ stressed
 Voice intonation (pitch)- indicator of intention
 Flow of voice

30
 Dress

• Dress – we combine items of clothing and the

appropriateness of certain types of styles of dress
to specific situation.
• Funeral – people wear black or dark colored
clothes as a symbol or mourning ~ avoid color
clashes.
• The clothes we wear make a statement about
ourselves ~ interpretation by other people.
31
 Dress (Contd.)

• Time dependent dress code

• Office - formal
• Relaxing or socialising – casual
• Initial judgments about people because of their
clothes
• Dress – one aspect of the physical appearance
• Hairstyle, jewellery, make-up, body adornment
and body modification
• Open for interpretation by other people

32
 THANKS FOR
YOUR PATIENCE

33