Open Shortest Path First

(OSPF)

1
Agenda

 OSPF Basics
 OSPF Terminology

 SPF Tree Calculation

 Verifying OSPF

2
OSPF Basics

3
 OSPF Basics (1)
 Open standards.
 Use Dijkstra algorithm.
 It only supports IP routing.
 OSPF is supposed to be designed in a hierarchical
fashion  separate the larger internetwork into
smaller internetworks called areas.
 To decrease routing overhead
 To speed up convergence
 To confine network instability to single area
 Area 0  backbone area.

4
OSPF Basics (2)

5
OSPF Terminology

6
 OSPF Terminology (1)
 Link  a network or router interface.
 Router ID  an IP address used to identify the router 
highest loopback interfaces.
 Neighbors  routers that have an interface on a common
network.
 Adjacency  relationship between two OSPF routers that
permits the direct exchange of route updates.
 Neighborship database  a list of all OSPF routers for which
Hello packets have been seen.
 LSA (Link State Advertisement)  an OSPF data packet
containing link-state and routing information that’s shared
among OSPF routers.
7
 OSPF Terminology (2)

 Topology database  information from all of the LSA

packets.
 Designated Router (DR)
 All routers on the multi-access network will establish
adjacencies with the DR and BDR.
 Highest priority  router ID is used as a tiebreaker.
 Backup Designated Router (BDR)
 A hot standby for the DR.

8
 Type of Networks
 Broadcast multi-access
 A DR and a BDR must be elected.
 Ethernet
 Nonbroadcast multi-access (NBMA)
 A DR and a BDR must be elected.
 Frame relay, X.25, ATM
 Point-to-point
 Direct connection between two routers  physical or logical.
 Point-to-multipoint
 A series of connections between a single interface on one
router and multiple destination routers.
 All of the interfaces belong to the same network.
9
SPF Tree Calculation

10
 SPF Tree Calculation
 Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm.
 Each router constructing a tree  the router is the
root and all other networks are arranged along the
branches and leaves.
 Separate trees will be constructed for each area.
 OSPF metric  cost.
 Cisco bases link cost on bandwidth  108/bandwidth

11
Verifying OSPF

12
 OSPF Troubleshooting
Commands
 show ip route
 shows the entire routing table
 show ip ospf
 displays OSPF information
 show ip ospf database
 displays the topology database
 show ip ospf interface
 displays all interface-related OSPF information
 show ip ospf neighbor
 shows all OSPF neighbors

13