CONTROL SYSTEM ENGINEERING

UNIT I
SYSTEMS COMPONENTS AND THEIR
REPRESENTATION
 Introduction
• Control systems plays an important role in development and
advancement of modern civilization and technology.
• e.g. home-heating system, a refrigerator, an air-conditioner, a
bathroom toilet tank, and an automobile
• Used in all sectors of industry, such as
Quality control of manufactured products,
Automatic assembly line, machine-tool control,
Space technology and weapon systems,
Transportation systems,
Power systems,
Robotics, and many others.
 Need for Control System
• A system to be controlled is named as:
process, plant, and
controlled system ( which is most common).
• In chemical, petroleum, steam power and fuel industries, one
repeatedly encounters the need to control temperature, flow
rate, liquid-level in vessels, pressure, humidity and chemical
composition.
• Such applications are process control applications.
• Wide practical application of control first took place in the
process area.
 Evolution of Control System
• World War II, created the technical needs of military system e.g.
Automatic airplane pilots,
Gun-positioning systems,
Radar antenna control systems , etc which led to more scientific
approaches in the control engineering field.
• A mathematical theory – the theory of servomechanism is aimed
mainly to control mechanical motions such as
Position,
Velocity, or
Acceleration
 Process Flow
• Figure 1.1 shows input-output
configuration of a process (or plant).
• Process outputs are the response
variables.
• Process inputs are flows of energy
and/or material.
• The inputs are classified into
manipulated inputs (subject to our
control) and
disturbance inputs (generated from
outside process-environment).
 Control System Config

• Figure 1.2 shows the input-output configuration of a control

system .