Chapter 3

The Integumentary System

Pages: 35 - 62

The Essential Elements of the Language of Medicine

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
© 2021 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom.
Learning Outcomes
3-2

After studying this chapter, you will be able to:

•LO 3.1 Use roots, combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes to construct and analyze medical
terms related to the integumentary system.
•LO 3.2 Spell and pronounce correctly medical terms and their plurals related to the
integumentary system to communicate them with accuracy and precision in any health care
setting.
•LO 3.3 Define accepted abbreviations related to the integumentary system.
•LO 3.4 Relate the anatomical structures of the integumentary system and their locations to
their functions.
•LO 3.5 Describe common disorders of and injuries to the skin and its accessory glands.
•LO 3.6 Identify pharmacologic agents and other methods used to treat disorders of the
integumentary system
•LO 3.7 Apply your knowledge of medical terms relating to the integumentary system to
documentation, medical records, and medical reports.
•LO 3.8 Translate the medical terms relating to the integumentary system into everyday
language in order to communicate clearly with patients and their families.

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 3-3

The Integumentary System:

The Essentials of the Language of Dermatology

Lesson 3.1: Functions and Structure of the Skin

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 3-4

Components of the Integumentary System

1. Skin
2. Hair *Keynote:
3. Nails Skin is the largest and most
4. Glands (sweat glands & sebaceous glands) vulnerable organ in the body.

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 3-5
Functions of the Skin
1. Protection
2. Water Resistance
3. Temperature Regulation
4. Vitamin D Synthesis
5. Sensation
6. Excretion and Secretion
7. Social Functions

Normal Body Temperature

97.6ºF – 99.6ºF
36.5ºC – 37.5ºC

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 3-6

Word Analysis and Definition

Can you define Carcinoma?

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 3-7

The Integumentary System:

The Essentials of the Language of Dermatology

Lesson 3.2: Disorders of the Skin

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Disorders of the Skin
Malignant Melanoma
•A type of cancer that is formed from the cells
that produce melanin.
•It usually begins as an irregularly shaped black
mole. Then the cancer cells can spread
throughout the body (metastasis).
•Risk factor: exposure to excessive sunlight and
tanning plus overexposure to ultraviolet
radiation.

3-8 Education.
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill
 3-9

Disorders of the Skin

Dermatitis - An inflammation of the dermis caused in different ways.

Psoriasis
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 3-10

Dermatitis
Contact Dermatitis
•Results from direct contact with
irritants or allergens.
•Irritants include soaps,
detergents, cleaning products,
and solvents
Seborrheic Dermatitis
•Produces a red rash overlaid
with a yellow, oily scale.
•Common in people with oily skin
or hair.
Stasis Dermatitis
•Occurs in the lower leg when
varicose veins slow the return of
blood and the accumulation of
fluid interferes with the
nourishment of the skin.

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 Infections of the Skin
Although your skin provides the first line of defense against injury, disease, allergens and pollutants,
it can be susceptible to many different types of infections.

Pathogen Bacteria Parasites Fungi Viruses

Description All mushrooms

E.coli replication in 5hrs. Amblyomma americanum

Trichomonas vaginalis
Candida albicans Herpes virus

• Living organism • Living organism • Living organism • Non-living structure

• Unicellular • Unicellular and multicellular • Unicellular and multicellular

Objective • Invade, reproduce • Invade, feed off the host and • Invade, reproduce and decompose • Hijacks cellular machinery to gain energy
• May cause disease that reproduce • May cause disease specifically in and reproduce
destroys • May cause disease by blood moist, dark, warm areas • Causes cell death during replication
exchanging

Treatment • Antibiotic medication • Antiparasitic medication • Antimycotic medication • Preventative precautions

• Strengthen the immune system
• Some viral inhibitors

Examples • Staphylococcus aureus • Pediculosis • Tinea • Human Papillomavirus

• MRSA • Scabies • Candida albicans • Varicella-Zoster Virus
of Skin
Infections

3-11 Education.
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill
 3-12

Common Bacterial Infections

Staphylococcus aureus MRSA
• Often shortened to “Staph.” •Methicillin-Resistant Staphyloccus aureus
• Staph. aureus is the cause of pimples, •Bacteria that is resistant to many antibiotics
boils, abscesses, carbuncles, and impetigo. •Called a "flesh eating bacteria"

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 3-13

Common Parasitic Infections

Pediculosis Scabies
• Lice are small, wingless, blood-sucking •An intense, itching rash caused by itch mite.
parasites that produce the disease by •Generally occurs in the genital area or near
attaching their nits (eggs) to hair and the waist, breasts, and armpits.
clothing. •Mites lay eggs under the skin.

Infestation
•A parasitic attack.
•Causes disease by
microorganisms that release
toxins or invade body tissues.

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 3-14

Common Fungal Infections

Tinea Candida albicans
•A group of related skin infections caused by •Can produce recurrent infections of the skin,
different species of fungi. nails, and mucous membranes.
• Tinea pedis •The first sign can be a frequent diaper rash or oral
• Tinea capitis thrush in infants.
• Tinea cruris
• Tinea corporis

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 3-15

Common Viral Infections

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
•Causes epidermal warts
•Over 170 types of HPV have been identified.
•More than 40 types are transmitted through
sexual contact and infect the genital area.
Varicella-Zoster Virus
•Causes chickenpox in unvaccinated people.
•For decades the virus can remain dormant in the
peripheral nerves (near the skin’s surface) before
erupting as the painful vesicles of herpes zoster, also
called shingles.

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 3-16

The Integumentary System:

The Essentials of the Language of Dermatology

Lesson 3.3: Accessory Skin Organs

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 3-17

Accessory Skin Organs

Using your eBook, review
on your own;
• Hair
• Glands
• Sweat Glands
• Sebaceous Glands
• Nails

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 3-18

The Integumentary System:

The Essentials of the Language of Dermatology

Lesson 3.4: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures and

Pharmacology for Skin Disorders

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Pharmacology for Disorders Common Opiate
Rx
•Codene
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs “pain killers” •Fentanyl
•Hydrocodone
•NSAIDs – Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs.
•Lortab
• Over the counter pain killers •Methadone
•Opiates – “Prescription Steroids” •Morphine
•OxyCotin
• Drugs derived from or related to opium •Percocet
•Tramadol
•Vicodin
Topical Agents •Diazepam
•Anesthetic Cream
•Antibiotic Cream
•Antimycotic Cream
•Antipruritic Cream
•Parasiticide Cream

Systemic Therapies
Given to affect the entire body
• Oral Medications
• Injections
• Intravenous (IV) Infusions

90° 45° 25° 15°

1-19 Education.
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill
 3-20

The Integumentary System:

The Essentials of the Language of Dermatology

Lesson 3.5: Burns and Injuries to the Skin

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 3-21

First - Degree Burns

• Also known as superficial burns.
• Prolonged exposure to sun, or short exposure to a hot surface.
• Produce superficial inflammation, with redness, pain, and slight edema.
• Healing takes 3 to 5 days without scarring.
• Require no medical treatment and leave no scarring.

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 3-22

Second - Degree Burns

• The epidermis and dermis are affected.
• Known as partial thickness burns.
• They produce redness, blisters, and more severe pain.
• Healing takes 2 to 3 weeks, with minimal scarring.
• They may require medical attention.

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 3-23

Third - Degree Burns

• Involves the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue, which are often completely
destroyed. Also known as full-thickness burns.
• May produce charred (blackened) skin.
• They require medical attention.
• Healing takes a long time and involves skin grafts.
• Skin grafts are required when there is no dermal tissue left for regeneration

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
 3-24

Fourth - Degree Burns

• Destroys all layers of the skin.
• Can involve tendons, muscles, and sometimes bones.
• Skin grafts are required.

Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Final Word
• The skin is the largest organ of the
body.

• Understanding the structure and

function of the skin will provide
knowledge of how to diagnose and
treat various skin disorders, burns,
and injuries.

• The skin provides the first line of

defense against injury, disease,
allergens, and pollutants.

1-25 Education.
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill