Permutation of n

Objects Taken r at a
Time
2
Words such as
reordering, rearranging,
and reshuffling are all
related to the concept of
permutation
3
Permutation is
defined as an
ordered arrangement
of a set of objects.
4
 Permutation without
Replacement
The total number of
permutations of objects is
given by nPn = n!

5
 
Permutation with Subset
(without Replacement)
The total number of
permutations of a set of n
objects taken r at a time
(r<n) , denoted by nPr , is
given by nPr =
6
 L
In how many ways E
T’s

can 6 differently P
R
colored balloons A
C

be arranged in a T

C
I

wire? E
7
 L
The six balloons can be E
arranged in six positions. T’s

There are 6 ways of filling P

R
the first position, 5 ways of A
filling the second position, C
T
and so on until there is finally I
C
only one way of filling the E
last position. 8
 L
Therefore, E
T’s
6P6 = 6! = 6x5x4x3x2x1
P
= 720 R
A
there are ways of C
arranging the six balloons T
I
in a wire. C
E
9
How about the next
problem?

10
In how many ways
can 8 differently
colored balloons
be arranged in a
wire? 11
EXAMPLE
2
12
 E
In how many ways X
A

can 9 people be M
P
L
seated on a bench E

if only 5 seats are 2

available? 13
 E
Solution: Apply the formula X
for permutation with subset. A
M
In the given problem, the P
L
number of people E
corresponds to n = 9 and the 2
number of seats available
corresponds to r = 5 .
14
  E
nPr = Thus, there X
9P5 = are 15 120
A
M
ways that 9 P
L
people can
 =
E
= be seated on
2
= 15120 a bench with
5 available
seats. 15
EXAMPLE
3
16
Four different mathematics
books, six different English
books, and two different science
books are to be arranged on a
shelf. How many different
arrangements are possible if the
books in each particular subject
must stand together?
17
Solutions:
The mathematics books can be
arranged among themselves in
4P4 = 4! ways, the English books
in 6P6 = 6! ways, and the
science books in 2P2 ways.
Moreover, the three subject
groups can be arranged in 3P3
ways. 18
 Hence,

No. of arrangement =
4! x 6! x 2! x 3! = 207 360
ways

19