Principles of Management

Theories of Management

Classical
Behavioral
Management Science
Systems Theory
Sociotechnical Theory
Contingency Theory
I. Classical School (1850-1920)

Emphasized a rational, scientific approach to study of

management and sought to make organizations efficient
operating machines.

Scientific Management

Administrative /Bureaucratic Organizations

Scientific Management

Develop a standard method for performing each job.

• Select appropriate workers

• Train workers in standard method
• Plan work and eliminate interruptions
• Provide incentives for increased output.
Scientific Management Pioneers

*Frederick W. Taylor: Father of Scientific Mgt.

*Frank & Lillian Gilbreth: (Time & motion studies and many mgt.
and HR techniques)
*Henry Gantt: Gantt Charts
Administrative Principles

*Henri Fayol: Father of Administrative Mgt.

Principles of Management
Five basic management functions
• Planning, Organizing. Commanding, Coordinating,
Controlling
* Chester Barnard: Authority and Power
* Mary Parker Follet: Human Relations
Bureaucratic Organizations

*Max Weber: Father of Bureaucracy

Clearly defined formal authority and responsibility

II. Behavioral Theory (1924- )

*Elton Mayo: Hawthorne Studies and the

Hawthorne Effect!
*Abraham Maslow: Need Hierarchy
*Douglas McGregor: Theory X and Y
 Behavioral Science Approach
application of social sciences
• Anthropology
• Economics
• Psychology
• Sociology
• Motivation
• Communication
• Leadership
• Group processes
III. Management Science (1940-)

• Management Information Systems (MIS).

• Forecasting
• Inventory control
• Linear and nonlinear programming
• Queuing theory
• Scheduling
• Simulation
• Breakeven analysis
 IV. Systems Theory (1950s-)

Inputs Transformation Outputs

*Human resources * Products/services

*Financial resources * Profits/losses
*Physical resources * Employee
*Informational satisfaction
V. Sociotechnical Theory (1950s/1960s-)

Sociotechnical Systems (STS)

Contingency Theory (1960s/1970s-)

Case View: “Every

situation is unique”
Contingency View:
Organizational phenomena
exist in logical patterns.
Managers devise and apply
similar responses to common
types of problems

Universalist: “One
best way”
Comparing Theories
 PRESENTATION Guidelines

• Power of Story Telling

• Fish (Intro – Tell them what you are going to tell them) (Body
– Tell Them) (Close – Tell them what you just told them)
• Use PIP : (Pause, Inspire, Present) ------------------- Align with
Transition
• Establish PEC (Personal Emotional Connection)
• Use SEED Model
• S = Set the Stage
• E = Explain your View (Behavior – Impact - Consequences)
• E = Explore the other person’s point of view.
• D = Determine action Steps and Outcome