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2016 09 - FKM - D3 - Bakteri Gram Positif & Bakteri Gram Negatif
2016 09 - FKM - D3 - Bakteri Gram Positif & Bakteri Gram Negatif
2016 09 - FKM - D3 - Bakteri Gram Positif & Bakteri Gram Negatif
Dicky B. Widhyatmoko
Dep. Mikrobiologi Kedokteran – FK UNAIR
September 27th 2016
Outline
• Pengertian Bakteri
• Pewarnaan Gram
• Klasifikasi Gram
• Bakteri Gram Positif
• Bakteri Gram Negatif
Pengertian Bakteri
• Definisi
▫ Single cell microorganism
▫ Ukuran 0.3 – 0.5 mm
▫ Memiliki tiga bentuk dasar : coccus, rods, curved /
spiral rods
• Perbedaan terletak pada cell envelope /
Identifying bacteria
• Size, shape, color
• Culturing techniques
• Metabolic attributes
• DNA
Staining / Pewarnaan
• Berfungsi untuk mewarnai bakteri
• Mudah untuk diamati / dikelompokkan
berdasarkan morfologi
• Pewarnaan dibagi menjadi 2 :
▫ Simple Staining menggunakan satu zat warna,
ex. Methylene blue
▫ Differential Staining menggunakan dua macam
zat warna
6
1. Microscopic morphology
2. Macroscopic morphology – colony
appearance
3. Physiological / biochemical characteristics
4. Chemical analysis
5. Serological analysis
6. Genetic and molecular analysis
• G + C base composition
• DNA analysis using genetic probes
• Nucleic acid sequencing and rRNA analysis
20
A-Actinomycetes
Gram Positive Cocci
• I-Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (Lancefield Groups)
• - Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus Pyogenes)
• - Group B Streptococcua (Streptococcus agalactiae)
• - Group C Streptococcus
• - Group G Streptococcus
• II-Alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus
• - Streptococcus Pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
- Viridans streptococcus (bacterial endocarditis)
• III-Non-hemolytic Streptococcus
• - Streptococcus faecalis (Group D)
• - Certain members of Groups B, C, D, H, and O
Gram Negative
• Gram Negative Rods
• Anaerobes
▫ Bacteroidaceae (e.g. Bacteroides fragilis)
• Facultative Anaerobes (enteric/nonenteric)
▫ Enterobacteriaceae (e.g. Escherichia coli)
▫ Vibrionaceae (e.g. Vibrio Cholerae)
▫ Pasturella,Brucella,Yersinia
• Aerobes
▫ Pseudomonadaceae (e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
Facultative Anaerobes
• Enterobacteriaceae (e.g. E. coli)
• Vibrionaceae (e.g. Vibrio Cholerae)
• Salmonella,Shigella,Klebsiella,Proteus
• GI pathogens !!!!!
• non-enteric Pasturella,Brucella,Yersinia
• Francisella,Hemophilus,Bordetella