OCEAN FEATURES

Area: 140 million square miles (71% of the surface of earth)

Average depth: 12,200 feet
Deepest point: 36,198 feet in the Marianas Trench on western side of South
America
The ocean ridges form a great mountain range, almost 40,000 miles
Highest Mountain: Mauna Kea, Hawaii, rises 33,474 feet from its base on the
ocean floor; only 13,680 feet are above sea level.
 CONTINENTAL SHELF
 MOST CONTINENTS ARE FIGURED BY A ZONE OF
SHALLOW WATER CALLED CONTINENTAL SHELF.
 THE WATER DEPTH OR THE FIRST LEVEL OF
WATER FROM THE SHORE WITH A DEPTH OF LESS
THAN 200 M.
THE SUBMERGED EDGE OF THE CONTINENT AND IS
RELATIVELY SHALLOW
THE CONTINENTAL SHELF IS REALLY A GENTLY
SLOPING PART OF THE CONTINENT THAT IS
UNDERWATER.
OCEAN FEATURES
 CONTINENTAL SLOPE
THE ZONE OF STEEPLY SLOPE
SEA FLOOR LEADING FROM THE
CONTINENTAL SHELF TOWARD
THE OCEAN BOTTOM.
THE SECOND LEVEL OF THE
OCEAN BOTTOM, WHICH IS
ABOUT 3.8 KM DEEP.
LANDSLIDES FREQUENTLY
OCCUR IN THIS AREA .
 CONTINENTAL RISE

• SEPARATING THE CONTINENTAL

SLOPE FROM THE OCEAN
BOTTOM
• THIS ZONE IS MADE UP OF
SEDSIMENTS, OR SMALL
ROCKS, PLANTS AND ANIMALS
REMAINS .
 OCEAN BASIN

 OCEAN BASINS ARE THOSE AREAS

FOUND UNDER THE SEA .
 ABOUT 70% OF THE PLANET’S SURFACE
IS MADE UP OF OCEAN BASINS
 OCEAN BASINS ARE DEEP-WATER
AREAS FARTHER FROM LAND,BEYOND
THE CONTINENTAL MARGIN .
Features of the ocean basin
 RIDGES
THE LONG UNDER WATER
MOUNTAIN RANGES
COVER THE OCEAN FLOOR
LARGEST FEATURE OF THE
OCEAN BASINS
 RIFT VALLEY

RUNNING ALONG THE CENTER

OF SOME MID-OCEAN RIDGES
A RIFT VALLEY IS 1 KM TO 2 KM
DEEPER THAN THE
SURROUNDING RIDGE,AS DEEP
AS THE GRAND CANYON
 SEAMOUNTS
 SEAMOUNTS ARE ALSO KNOWN AS
UNDERWATER MOUNTAINS AND WERE
FORMED AS VOLCANOES.
 SCATTERED OVER THE ENTIRE SEA
BOTTOM WHOSE VOLCANIC PEAKS
RISE UP TO 300M ABOVE THE SEA
FLOOR.
 THEY ARE ESPECIALLY COMMON
ALONG THE MID-OCEAN RIDGES.
 TRENCHES
DEEPEST SPOTS IN THE OCEAN
WHICH RESULT FROM
FAULTING DUE TO THE
VOLCANIC ACTIVITIES THAT
PRODUCES DEEP GASHES ON
THE OCEAN
THEY ARE NARROW CHANNELS
MORE THAN 6 KM DEEP .
 GUYOTS
 SIMILAR TO SEAMOUNTS BUT THESE
ARE CHARACTERIZED AS FLAT-
TOPPED MOUNTAINS UNDER THE
OCEAN.
 THEIR TOPS ARE MORE THAN 200M
BELOW SEA LEVEL.
 VOLCANIC MOUNTAIN UNDER THE
OCEAN .
Instruments in
studying
oceanography
WATER SAMPLING BOTTLES

• CONTAINERS LOWERED TO
DESIRED DEPTH AND THE
MECHANISM WHICH CLOSES
THE BOTTLE TO GET A
SAMPLE AT THE DESIRED
DEPTH. THE WATER IS THEN
SUBJECTED TO BIOLOGICAL
AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.
DRIFT BOTTLES

• SEALED BOTTLES
CONTAINING RETURN
ADRESSED CARDS FOR
DETERMINING DIRECTION
AND VELOCITY OF OCEAN
CURRENTS
BOTTOM SAMPLES

• DEVICES DESIGNED TO SCOOP

UP SAMPLE MATERIALS FROM
THE SEA FLOOR.
DEEP-SEA THERMOMETER

• SPECIAL TYPE OF THERMOMETERS

THAT CAN WITHSTAND GREAT
PRESSURE AT LOWER DEPTHS
• EXAMPLE IS THE
BATHYTHERMOMETER WHICH IS AN
INSTRUMENT THAT RECORDS
WATER TEMPERATURE
CONTINOUSLY AS IT IS LOWERED
INTO THE OCEAN.
BATHYSPHERE

• IT IS CHARACTERIZED AS A
HUGE STEEL BALL WITH
HEAVY WINDOWS IT IS TIED
WITH CABLES TO A SHIP AND
THE AIR IS SUPPLIED TO IT
THROUGH A HOSE.
COMMUNICATIONS ARE
THROUGH TELEPHONE LINES.
BATHYSCAPHE

• THIS VESSEL IS
CHARACTERIZED AS A STEEL
BALL WHICH HANGS ON A
LARGE FLOAT. IT CAN SINK
LIKE A SUBMARINE AND CAN
MOVE WITH THE USE OF
PROPELLERS
SEALAB III

• CONSIDERED AS THE SHIP OF

THE UNITED STATES, WHICH
SERVES AS A LABORATORY
SONAR

Or the SOUND NAVIGATION and

RANGING
Sonar is a technique that uses a
sound propagation to
navigate,communicate with or
detect objects on or under the
surface of the water.
SATELLITES

provide great range and speed in

collecting data
 gathered information about ocean
bathymetry, sea surface
temperature,ocean color, coral reefs
and sea and lake ice .
ECHO SOUNDING

A type of sonar used to determine the

depth of water by transmitting sound
pulses into the water .
 a method of discovering where an
object is by sending pressure waves
and recording the time it takes for the
echo to return.
IDENTIFICATION:
_______________1. The opposite term is the demersal zone which
is the water near to and affected by the coast or the sea floor.
• _______________2. It is also known as “ THE SUNLIGHT
ZONE” or “EUPHOTIC ZONE”
• _______________3. A twilight zone where some light filters
through but does not reach a level of brightness necessary for
photosynthesis to occur.
• _______________4. it is also known as “midnight zone”
• _______________5. This zone remains in perpetual darkness
• _______________6. DEVICES DESIGNED TO SCOOP UP SAMPLE MATERIALS FROM
THE SEA FLOOR.
• __________________7. SEALED BOTTLES CONTAINING RETURN ADRESSED CARDS
FOR DETERMINING DIRECTION AND VELOCITY OF OCEAN CURRENTS
• __________________9. THE SLOPING PART OF THE CONTINENT THAT IS
UNDERWATER
• __________________10-12 . GIVE 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF SEAWATER
• __________________13 . DEEPEST SPOTS IN THE OCEAN .
• __________________ 14. SIMILAR TO SEAMOUNT BUT ARE CHARACTERIZED AS
FLAT-TOPPED MOUNTAINS UNDER THE OCEAN.
• __________________ 15. SEPARATING THE CONTINENTAL SLOPE FROM THE OCEAN .
GIVE ATLEAST 5 INSTRUMENTS IN STUDYING OCEAN FLOOR.