DATA COLLECTION

Introduction
 Data can be define as the quantitative or qualitative
value of a variable (e.g. number, images, words,
figures,facts or ideas)

 It is a lowest unit of information from which other

measurements and analysis can be done.

 Data is one of the most important and vital aspect

of any research study.
 INTRODUCTION
 Data collection is a term used to describe a
process of preparing and collecting data
 Systematic gathering of data for a

particular purpose from various

sources, that has been systematically
observed, recorded, organized.
 Data are the basic inputs to any decision

making process in business

 PURPOSE OF DATA
COLLECTION
 The purpose of data collection
is-
 to obtain information
 to keep on record

to make decisions
about important
issues,
 to pass information
on to others
 Factors to be Considered
Before Collection of

 Sources
Data
Object and scope of the enquiry.
of information.
 Quantitative expression.
 Techniques of data collection.
 Unit of collection.
 Sources of Data

External Internal
sources
sources

Primary Secondary
data data
Internal & External Sources of Data
Internal sources of Data
o Many institutions and
departments have information
about their regular functions,for
their own internal purposes.
o When those information
are used in any survey is
called internal sources of
data.
o Eg…social welfare socities.
External sources of data
o When information is collected
from outside agencies is
called external sources of
data.
o Such types of data are either
primary or secondary.
o This type of information can be
collected by census or
sampling method by
conducting survey.
 Primary Data
 Data that has been collected from first-hand experiences
is known as primary data.It has more reliable,authentic
and not been published anywhere.

 Primary data has not been changed or altered by human

being,therefore its validity is greater than secondary
data.
 Direct
Personal
Investigation
(i.e. interview
method)
Indirect oral
Investigation investigation
through (i.e. through
observation Methods of enumerators)
collecting
primary data

Investigation Investigation
through through local
mailed reporters
questionnaire questionnaire
 METHODS
 OBSERVATION METHOD
Through personal
observation

PERSONAL
INTERVIEW Through
Questionnaire
 TELEPHONE
INTERVIEW
Through Call outcomes,
Call timings
 MAIL SURVEY
 Primary Data
Merits Demerits
Targeted issued are addressed Evaluated cost

Data interpretation is better Time consuming

More number of resources

High accuracy of data are required

Address as specific research Inaccurate feedback

issues
Required lot of skill
Greater control with labour.
 Secondary Data
 Secondary data are those that have already been collected by
others.

 These are usually in journals, periodicals, research

publication
,official record etc.

 Secondary data may be available in the published or

unpublished form. When it is not possible to collect the data by
primary method,the investigator go for secondary method.

 This data collected for some purpose other

than the problem at hand.
Method of collection secondary data

International

Government
Published
Sources
Municipal
corporation

Unpublished Institutional/
sources commercial
SOURCES
 INTERNAL SOURCES
Internal sources of secondary data are
usually for marketing application-
 Sales Records

 Marketing Activity

 Cost Information

 Distributor reports and feedback

 Customer feedback
SOURCES
 EXTERNAL SOURCES
External sources of secondary data are usually
for Financial application-
 Journals
 Books
 Magazines
 Newspaper
 Libraries
 The Internet
 Secondary Data
Merits Demerits
Quick and cheap source No fulfill our specific
of data research needs

Poor accuracy
Wider geographical area

Data are not up to date

Longer orientation period
Poor accessibility in
Leading to find primary some
data cases
Difference b/w primary and secondary data
Primary data Secondary
data
 Real time data  Past data
 Sure about sources of data  Not sure about of sources
 Help to give results/ of data
finding  Refining the problem
 Costly and time consuming  Cheap and no time
process consuming
 Avoid biasness of response process
data  Can not know in data
 More flexible biasness or not
 Less flexible
Data Presentation

In the statistic class of 40 students, 3 obtained

the perfect score of 50. Sixteen students got a
score of 40 and above, while only 3 got 19
and below. Generally, the students
performed well in the test with 23 or 70%
getti ng a passing score of 38 and above.
Data Presentation
Data Presentation