NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

DISTRIBUTION OF
NORMAL VARIABLE
1. Illustrates a normal random
variable and its characteristics
EXTENDING A HELPING HAND!
The local government is planning to give financial assistance
to low income families in remote barangays. To be successful
in this endeavor, the mayor instructed his staffs to conduct a
survey in order to determine the monthly income of each
family income. After surveying 500 families, the staff found
out that the monthly income of the families is normally
distributed with a mean of P5200, and a standard deviation of
P400. Instead of presenting the actual data to the mayor, the
staff simply used a normal curve.
 5,200
4,000 4,400 4,800 5,600 6,000 6,400

If the mayor will only give financial assistance to the family

whose monthly income is less P4,800, how many can avail the
assistance?
Normal Distribution is a continuous, symmetric,
bell-shaped curve distribution of a variable. Its
measures of central tendency (mean, median and
mode) are identical. The curve can be described
using the equation:
2
 
(𝑥 − 𝜇)
1
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 𝑒 2𝜎
2

𝜎 √2 𝜋
 
𝑓𝑜𝑟 −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
 population mean

2
 
(𝑥 − 𝜇)
1
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 𝑒
2
2𝜎
𝜎 √2 𝜋 Standard
deviation
2.7183
3.1416
The area under the normal curve that lies within
one standard deviation below and above the mean
is approximately 68.3%, while the area within the
two standard deviations below and above the mean
is approximately 95.5% and within three standard
deviations, 99.7%.
𝜇 −3 𝜎
  𝜇 −2 𝜎
    𝜇 −𝜎   𝜇   𝜇+𝜎 𝜇+2 𝜎
  𝜇+3 𝜎
 

68.3 %
95.4 %
99.7 %
 In a continuous random variable, there is no area
above a single value. Therefore, if x = a, the
probability of selecting a continuous random
variable x that is equal to a is zero, that is P(X = a)
= 0. This also implies that

 
and
Then is not true for discrete random variables
 
Some important properties common to both
discrete and continuous variables are:
1. Sum of the probabilities or the sum of
relative frequencies is equal to one.
2. The probability that a random variable X
falls into a certain interval can be found
by summing the probabilities in that
interval.
4,000 4,400 4,800 5,200 5,600 6,000 6,400
•In order to determine the number of
families whose income is less than P4,800,
we need to determine the area of the shaded
region representing this group of families.
Since the area from is approximately
0.683, then the area from is 0.3415.
 Let us get the area of the shaded region.
Area shaded region= 0.50 – 0.3415
= 0.1585
.5 0 P( x < 4, 800) = 0.1585
0
.3415

4,400 4,400 4,800 5,200 5,600 6,000 6,400

 To get the number of families who will
receive financial assistance, multiply the
total number of families by the obtained
area of the shaded region.

500* 0.1585 = 79.25 79

 

Therefore, mayor needs to give financial

assistance to 79 families.
 Let’s try more:

| | | | | | |
4000 4,400 4,800 5,200 5,600 6,000 6,400
 Let’s try more:
 
1. 𝑃 ( 𝑋 >18.2)
 
6 . 𝑃 (16.1≤ 𝑋 ≤ 20.3)
 
2 . 𝑃 (16.1< 𝑋 <20.3)
 
7 . 𝑃 ( 𝑋 ≥14.0)
 
3 . 𝑃 (11.9< 𝑋 < 22.4)
 
8 . 𝑃 ( 𝑋 ≤16.1)
 
4 . 𝑃( 𝑋 >20.3)  
9 . 𝑃 (14 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 16.1)
 
5 . 𝑃 ( 𝑋 <20.3)
•1.  Area to the right of 18.2
\ 0.5

| | | | | | |
11.9 14.0 16.1 18.2 20.3 22.4 24.5
• 

.683

| | | | | | |
11.9 14.0 16.1 18.2 20.3 22.4 24.5
Quiz: A continuous random variable X is normally distributed with a mean of
45 and SD of 6. Illustrate the following notations in a normal curve and find
the probabilities
 
1. 𝑃 ( 𝑋 >18.2) 6 . 𝑃 (16.1≤ 𝑋 ≤ 20.3)
 

 
2 . 𝑃 (16.1< 𝑋 <20.3)
 
7 . 𝑃 ( 𝑋 ≥14.0)
 
3 . 𝑃 (11.9< 𝑋 < 22.4)
 
8 . 𝑃 ( 𝑋 ≤16.1)
 
4 . 𝑃( 𝑋 >20.3)  
9 . 𝑃 (14 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 16.1)
 
5 . 𝑃 ( 𝑋 <20.3)
 To get the number of families who will
receive financial assistance, multiply the
total number of families by the obtained
area of the shaded region.

500* 0.1585 = 79.25 79

 

Therefore, mayor needs to give financial

assistance to 79 families.