Security Level: Internal

WiMAX Overview

CDMA Team
In Wireless Network General Engineer's Office www.huawei.com

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

 WiMAX is a broadband radio access

technology based on the IEEE 802.16

protocol. To apply this technology, you need

to be familiar with the basic concepts and

technology benefits of WiMAX.

This document describes the basic concepts,

application scenarios, and network structure

of WiMAX.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2

 After learning this document, you will be capable of:
 Being familiar with the basic concepts and
associated protocols of WiMAX
 Being familiar with the application scenarios
and technology benefits of WiMAX
 Being familiar with the network structure of
WiMAX

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 3

 Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of WiMAX

Chapter 2 Application Scenarios of

WiMAX

Chapter 3 Network Structure of

WiMAX

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 4

Development of Radio Communication

2G 2.5G 3G

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 5

 Development Background of WiMAX

(Km/h)

120
(GSM, UMTS, CDMA, HSDPA)

60

BWA (WiMAX 802.16d, 802.16e)

Data Rate

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 6

 Basic Concepts of WiMAX

Worldwide Interoperability for

WAN
Microwave Access IEEE 802.20 3GPP,3GPP2
(proposed)
ETSI HiperMAN
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave IEEE 802.16- MAN & HiperAccess
Wireless MAN
Access (WiMAX)
ETSI
IEEE 802.11 – LAN HiperLAN
Wireless LAN

IEEE 802.15 –
Bluetooth
PAN HiperPAN
ETSI

 WiMAX based on the IEEE802.16 protocol is a broadband wireless technology applied

to the Metropolitan Area Network (MAN).
 It complies with the "Broadband + Wireless" trend. WiMAX features the Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplex Access (OFDMA), Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO),
and other advanced technologies to maintain its broadband advantage.
 It is called "3.5G" or "4G" technology. In October of 2007, it becomes the fourth standard
of 3G technology.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 7

Protocols

WiMAX is based on the 802.16 protocol that has two standards:

 802.16dFixed broadband radio access standard
 It specifies the air interface layer between the fixed access terminals
and the BTS.
 802.16eMobile broadband radio access standard
 It supports the mobile station.
 It supports both the fixed broadband radio access system and mobile
broadband radio access system.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 8

Technical Specifications of WiMAX
Technical Specification 802.16d 802.16e
Bandwidth (MHz) 1.75-20 1.25-20
Frequency (GHz) 2-11 2-6
Mobility Fixed or roaming Middle-rate mobile station (<120 km/h)
Transmission technology Multi-carrier, OFDM Multi-carrier, OFDMA
Multiple access OFDMA
Spectrum assignment unit Sub-channel
Duplex mode TDD,FDD
Peak rate (Mbit/s) 75 Mbps (20 MHz) 15 Mbps (5 MHz) , 30 MHbps (10 MHz)
Modulation mode DL:BPSK,QPSK,16QAM,64QAM ;UL:BPSK,QPSK,16QAM
Inter-cell handovers No Yes
Enhanced technology Intelligent antenna, MIMO, HARQ, AMC
Access control The BS periodically allocates bandwidths to the MS and provides opportunities for
periodic unicast polling. The MSs access the network based on the priority.

QoS Supporting five QoS class standards, including UGS, ERtPS, RtPS, NrtPS, and BE

Battery saving mode No Supporting idle and sleep modes

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 9

Technical Benefits of WiMAX

 Advanced technical functions

It incorporates multiple technologies, including OFDMA, MIMO,
AMC, and HARQ.

 Wide coverage and high throughput

The maximum coverage distance of a BS is 50 km. The typical
coverage distance is six km to ten km.
The maximum throughput of each sector is 75 Mbit/s.
 Easy to expand
It is easy to add new sectors.
It is easy to plan the channel bandwidth.

 Low risks of overhead and investment

 Broadband access

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 10

Global Spectrum Distribution of WiMAX

,2.5 ,2.3 ,2.5 ,2.5 ,2.3

3.5 3.5GHz 3.5
GHz GHz
3.7 ,2.5 ,2.3
GHz
,2.3
3.5GHz ,2.5,3.3
3.5GHz
,2.5
3.5GHz

Primary frequency 2.3G 2.3 － 2.4 GHz

bands: 2.5G 2.496 － 2.690 GHz
3.5G 3.4 － 3.6 GHz

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 11

Comparison Analysis of WiMAX/EV-DO/HSDPA
Technology WiMAX 1x EV-DO HSDPA

Standard IEEE 802.16e CDMA-2000 WCDMA/UMTS

Throughput 30 Mbit/s 2.4 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s (HSDPA

(10MHzbandwidth) supports more than10
Mbit/s throughput.)
Coverage range Typical: 6 km to10 km Typical: 2 km to 5 km Typical: 2 km to 5 km

Frequency 2 GHz to 6 GHz 400 MHz, 800 MHz, 700 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz,
900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 2100 MHz
MHz
Bandwidth 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz 1.25 MHz 5 MHz

Core technology of OFDMA, MIMO/AAS, AMC CDMA, AMC CDMA, AMC

the physical layer

Duplex mode TDD FDD FDD

Mobility Low speed(<120km/h) High speed High speed

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 12

IEEE 802.16 Working Group

 In 1999, the IEEE working group is set up, which studies the broadband radio
access technology standard. The aim of this group is to establish a global
IEEE 802.16 Working Group
broadband radio access standard.
 This group sets down the broadband access system standards, including the
air interface standards and associated standards.
 At the beginning of 2003, this group issues the 802.16a standard that defines
the 2 GHz to 11 GHz NLOS fixed access system.
 On October 1 of 2004, this group issues the 802.16d fixed access standard.
 In the end of 2005, this group issues the 802.16e standard. Now, the 802.16e
Release3 has been issued.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 13

WiMAX Forum

 In April of 2001, the WiMAX forum is set up. This forum participates in
authenticating the standardization and interoperability of the broadband
radio access products based on IEEE 802.16 and ETSI HiperMAN.
 This forum is organized by many radio communication equipment suppliers,
component suppliers, operators, which is a nonprofit organization.
 In November of 2004, the Network Working Group (NWG) is set up, which
participates in setting downing the network standards for the IEEE 802.16d
and IEEE 802.16e.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 14

Structure of WiMAX Forum

The WiMAX forum is set up for the purpose of push and accelerate the
process of commercialization of the high-quality broadband radio service.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 15

 Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of
WiMAX

Chapter 2 Application Scenarios of

WiMAX

Chapter 3 Network Structure of

WiMAX

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 16

 Application Scenarios of WiMAX

Fixed Nomadic Portable Simple Mobility Full-rate Mobility

Fixed Nomadic Portable Simple Mobility Full-rate Mobility

(16d/16e) (16e) (16e) （ 16e) （ 16e)
Family outdoor
Application in Family indoor access, access,
buildings,
terminal access Mobile terminal Medium-rate terminal high-rate terminal
Application application in the
high-level (It does not support access access access
residences handovers.) (It supports
handovers.)
PCMCIA, USB
Terminal CPE PCMCIA, USB module, embedded PDA , mobile terminal
module portable terminal

Mobility No No > 5 km/h > 60 km/h >120 km/h

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 17

QoS-Based Services

Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS) – VoIP (without silence suppression)

Extended Real-time Polling Service (ertPS) – VoIP with silence

suppression

Real-time Polling Service (rtPS) – MPEG video

Non-real-time Polling Service (nrtPS) – FTP service

Best Effort (BE) – network browse, e-mail

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 18

Development of the WiMAX Product
terminal
Equipment supplier BWA manufacturer Chip manufacturer manufacturer

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 19

 Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of
WiMAX

Chapter 2 Application Scenarios of

WiMAX

Chapter 3 Network Structure of

WiMAX

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 20

End-to-End Network Structure of WiMAX

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 21

Network Elements of WiMAX
 MSS - Mobile Subscriber Station 　
 ASN - Access Service Network
The ASN consists of the base station (BS) and the Access Service Network-Gateway (ASN-
GW). The ASN manages the IEEE 802.16e air interface and enables the MS to access multiple
CSNs.

 CSN - Connect Service Network

The CSN is connected to the Internet, ASP, PLMN, and other networks. It provides
Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA), roaming between different (Network
Service Providers) NSPs, IP address management, location management, mobility
management, connection for multiple services, policy management, and QoS management.

 NAP- Network Access Provider

 NSP- Network Service Provider

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 22

WiMAX NWG-ASN Profile A
R2
ASN CSN
R6 R3
R1
BS
Internet
ASN-GW
Air R4
Interface BS

HA AAA
ASN-GW

BS ASN-GW

•HO •Centralized ASN model

•RRA •Authenticator •Semi-Flat Architecture
•Auth. Relay •RRC
•Key Receiver •Key Distribute •HO and RRC are at GW
•PC •Profile A with standard R1,R2 ,R3,R4

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 23

WiMAX NWG-ASN Profile
R2
B
ASN CSN
R3
R1
BS+ASN-GW
R4 Internet

Air
Interface

BS+ASN-GW
HA AAA

Combined BS+ASN-GW
•HO •AAA Client •Distributed ASN solution;
•PA •Flat Architecture;
•RRA+RRC •DHCP Proxy •BS and ASN-GW function is embedded
•Key Receiver + Distribute
•Authenticator in BS;
•PC
•Profile B with standard R1, R2, R3, R4;

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 24

WiMAX NWG-ASN R2
Profile C
ASN CSN
R6 R3
R1
BS
Internet
ASN-GW
Air R4
Interface BS

HA AAA
ASN-GW

BS ASN-GW
•Centralized ASN model;
•Semi-Flat Architecture;
•HO •Authenticator •AAA Client
•RRA+RRC •Key Distribute •HO and RRC are at BS;
•Auth. Relay •PC •DHCP Proxy •Profile C with standard
•Key Receiver •MIP FA R1,R2 ,R3,R4,R6;

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 25

Interface Introduction

Interface Description
R1 R1 interface between the MS and the ASN as the air interface specification for
(PHY and MAC)
R2 R2 is the interface between the MS and the CSN associated with Authentication,
Service Authorization, IP Host configuration management, and mobility
management. R2 is a logical interface and does not reflect a direct protocol
interface between the MS and CSN.
R3 R3 is the interface between the ASN and CSN to support AAA, policy
enforcement and mobility management capabilities. In addition, R3 encompasses
the bearer plane methods (e.g., tunneling) to transfer IP data between the ASN
and the CSN.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 26

Interface Introduction

Interface Description
R4 R4 consists of a set of control and bearer plane protocols originating and
terminating in various entities within the ASN that coordinate MS mobility
between ASNs.
R5 R5 consist of a set of control plane and bearer plane protocols for interworking
between CSNs
R6 R6 provides the communication between the BS and the ASN GW which
provides a set of control and bearer plane protocols.
R8 R8 is a set of control plane message flows and in some causes, bearer plane data
flows between the BS to ensure fast seamless handover.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 27

Networking Features of WiMAX

 Independent networking

 Hybrid networking with 2G/3G

 Easy to construct the network

 Low cost

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 28

Networking Solution of WiMAX
PSTN
IMS/NGN
iManager
M2000 ASN-RAN
BS ： BBU BBU3703
CSN RRU RRU3701C
Internet Functions: The BS receives and
Policy Decision AAA
Function
Home Agent transmits radio signals and thus
enables the communication
between the WiMAX network
and the MS.
ASN

WASN9770 WASN9770
ASN-GW WASN9770
RRU3701C RRU3701C

BTS3706 BBU3703 BBU3703 BTS3706

Functions: The ASN-GW forwards
packet data, and provides access
control, QoS management, traffic
management, and accounting
management.
Fixed Access PCMCIA Handset

MSS

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 29

BTS3703
Specification
 Distributed BTS
 Profile A
 Channel Bandwidth: 5 MHz or 10 MHz
 Frequency: 2.3 G, 2.5 G, or 3.5 G
 MIMO: 2 x 1
 Transmit power: 10 W/20 W (3.5 G or 2.5 G)
 Weight
BBU: 5 kg
RRU: 22 kg or 15 kg
 Dimensions (width x depth x height) (mm)
BBU: 436 x 300 x 42
RRU: 430 x 176 x 571(with rack)
350 x 125 x 440(without rack)

 Capacity (single cell):

Number of BTSs: 1 to 3
Throughput: 30 Mbit/s (10 MHz)
15 Mbit/s (5 MHz)
 Service port: FE/GE

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 30

DBS3900 WiMAX
Specification
Compatible with RRU3701C.
Distributed BTS, and based on HERT platform.
 Profile C
 Channel Bandwidth: 5 MHz,10 MHz, 7MHz
 Frequency: 2.3 G, 2.5 G, or 3.5 G
 MIMO: 2 x 2
 Weight
BBU: <=11 kg with full configuration
 Dimensions (width x depth x height) (mm)
BBU: 442 x 310 x 86
 Supports six RRU at most with configuration
S222.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 31

pBTS3701

Specification
Channel Bandwidth: 5 MHz,10 MHz
 Frequency: 2.5 G
 MIMO: 2 x 2
 Weight <=2.5 kg
 Dimensions (width x depth x height) (mm)
230 x 165 x 65.2
Capacity (single cell)
DL: 28Mbps
UL: 7Mbps

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 32

WASN9770

 N68-22service cabinet, dimensions: 2200

mm x 600 mm x 800 mm
 Components:
 WASN rack (mandatory)
 Power distribution box
(mandatory)
 LAN switch (optional)
 Fire wall (optional)
 In the case of dual-plane networking,
both the LAN switch and firewall can be
used.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 33

Thank You
Thank you
www.huawei.com
www.huawei.com