Evolution of Management

• Early Mangement Pioneers

Robert Owen (1771–1858)
Recognized the importance of human resources and the
welfare of workers.
Charles Babbage (1792–1871)
Focused on creating production efficiencies through
division of labor, and application of mathematics to
management problems.
 The Classical Management Perspective
• Scientific Management - concerned with
improving the performance of individual workers.
• Earliest advocates of scientific management
Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915)
Frank Gilbreth (1868-1924)
Lillian Gilbreth ( 1878-1972)
 The Classical Management Perspective
• Administrative Management – focuses on
managing the total organization.
• Primary contributors to administrative
management
Henri Fayol (1841-1925)
Lyndall Urwick (1891-1983)
Max Weber (1864-1920)
 The Behavior Management Perspective
• Emphasizes individual attitudes and behaviors and group
processes.
Contributors to behavior management perspective
Hugo Munsterberg (1863-1916)
Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933)

• The Hawthorne Studies

Elton Mayo and associates
 The Human Relations Movement
• Argued that workers respond primarily to the social
context of the workplace.
• Two writers who help advance the human relations
movement
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) Hierarchy of Needs
Douglas McGregor (1906-1964)Theory X and Theory Y
 The Quantitative Management Perspective
• Quantitative management perspective - focuses on decision
making, cost effectiveness, mathematical models and the use of
computers.
• Two branches of quantitative approach
1. Management Science – focuses specifically on the
development of mathematical models.
2. Operations Management – concerned with helping
the organization more efficiently produce its products or services.
 Contemporary Management Perspective
• The System Perspective – an interrelated set of
elements functioning as a whole
• Concept
Open systems /Closed systems/ Subsystem
Synergy
Entropy
• Universal perspective – an attempt to
identify the one best way to do something.
• Contingency perspective – suggests that
appropriate managerial behavior in a given
situation depends on or is contingent on,
unique elements in a given situation.
 Contemporary Management Issues and Challenges
• Globalization of product and service markets
• An increasingly diverse and globalized workforce
• Increased emphasis on ethics and social responsibility
• The use of quality as the basis for competition
• The shift to a predominately service-based economy
• Meeting the challenges of a recovering economy
• Creating new organizational structures to provide challenging, motivating,
and flexible work environments
• The effects of new information technology on how work is done in
organization