ROBOTIC SURGERY:-

Prepared by:- Pradarttana Panda

Regd.no.-0701210557
House work Military

surgery
manufacturing
 History:-

1.In 1997 a reconnection of the fallopian tubes operation was performed

successfully in Cleveland using ZEUS.

2.In May 1998, Dr. Friedrich-Wilhelm Mohr using the Da Vinci surgical
robot performed the first robotically assisted heart bypass at the
Leipzig Heart Centre in Germany.

3.On 2 September 1999, Dr. Randall Wolf and Dr. Robert Michler
performed the first robotically assisted heart bypass in the USA at
The Ohio State University.

4.In October 1999 the world's first surgical robotics beating heart
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) was performed in Canada by Dr.
Douglas Boyd and Dr. Reiza Rayman using the ZEUS surgical robot.
THE DA VINCI SURGICAL SYSTEM:-

A product of the company Intuitive

Surgical, the da Vinci Surgical System is
perhaps the most famous robotic surgery
apparatus in the world. It falls under the
category of telesurgical devices, meaning
a human directs the motions of the
robot. The da Vinci uses technology­ that
allows the human surgeon to get closer
to the surgical site than human vision
will allow, and work at a smaller scale
than conventional surgery permits. The
$1.5 million da Vinci system consists of
two primary components
DIFFERENT KINDS OF ROBOTIC SURGERY:-

Type-1 supervisory-controlled systems:-

supervisory-controlled systems
follow a specific set of instructions
when performing a surgery. The
human surgeon must input data into
the robot, which then initiates a
series of controlled motions and
completes the surgery. There's no
room for error -- these robots can't
make adjustments in real time if
something goes wrong. Surgeons
must watch over the robot's actions
and be ready to intervene if
something doesn't go as planned.
DIFFERENT KINDS OF ROBOTIC SURGERY:-

Type-2 Shared-control Robotic Surgery Systems:-

Shared-control robotic systems

aid surgeons during surgery,
but the human does most of
the work. Unlike the other
robotic systems, the surgeons
must operate the surgical
instruments themselves. The
robotic system monitors the
surgeon's performance and
provides stability and support
through active constraint.
DIFFERENT KINDS OF ROBOTIC SURGERY:-

Type-3 Telesurgerical system:-

The use of a computer console to

perform operations from a
distance opens up the idea of
telesurgery, which would involve
a doctor performing delicate
surgery miles away from the
patient. If the doctor doesn't have
to stand over the patient to
perform the surgery, and can
control the robotic arms from a
computer station just a few feet
away from the patient.
ADVANTAGES:-

1. Telesurgery:- The use of a computer console

to perform operations from a distance

2. Having fewer personnel:- Having

fewer personnel in the operating room
and allowing doctors the ability to
operate

3.Less pain:- the patient would experience

less pain, trauma and bleeding, which means
a faster recovery.
ADVANTAGES:-

1. Telesurgery:- The use of a computer console

to perform operations from a distance

2. Having fewer personnel:- Having

fewer personnel in the operating room
and allowing doctors the ability to
operate

3.Less pain:- the patient would experience

less pain, trauma and bleeding, which means
a faster recovery.
ADVANTAGES:-

4. Enhanced precision:- surgery with the help

of robots may help to remove these errors.
Robotics help to make the surgery with high
precision and high accuracy

5. Decrease the fatigue:- It helps to

decrease the fatigue that doctors
experience during surgeries that can last
several hours.
DISADVANTAGES:-

1. Time:-Robotic assisted heart surgery can take

nearly twice the amount of time that a typical
heart surgery takes.

2. Cost:-At this early stage in the

technology, the robotic systems are very
expensive.

3. Efficiency and Compatibility:-current

operating room instruments and equipment
are not necessarily compatible with the new
robotic systems.thus there is less efficiancy
and compatibility
Application:-

1.Cardiothoracic surgery:- Robot-assisted

MIDCA Band endoscope coronary artery bypass
(TECAB) surgeries are being performed with the
da Vinci system

2. Gynecology:-Robotic surgery in
gynecology is one of the fastest growing
fields of robotic surgery.

3. Orthopedics:-The Acrobot Company Ltd.

sells the "Acrobot Sculptor", a robot that
constrains a bone cutting tool to a pre-defined
volume.
Application:-

6. Pediatrics:-Surgical robotics has been used in

many types of pediatric surgical procedures
including: tracheoesophageal fistula repair

7. Radiosurgery:-The CyberKnife
Robotic Radiosurgery System uses
image-guidance and computer controlled
robotics to treat tumors throughout the
body
8. Urology;-Removing the prostate gland for
cancer, repair obstructed kidneys, repair
bladder abnormalities and remove diseased
kidneys.
 Conclusion:-

Although still in its infancy, robotic surgery is a cutting-edge

development in surgery that will have far-reaching implications. While
improving precision and dexterity, this emerging technology allows
surgeons to perform operations that were traditionally not amenable to
minimal access techniques. As a result, the benefits of minimal access
surgery may be applicable to a wider range of procedures. Safety has
been well established, and many series of cases have reported
favorable outcomes. However, randomized, controlled trials comparing
robotic-assisted procedures with laparoscopic or open techniques are
generally lacking.