MAGNETICALLY MODULATED DRUG

DELIVERY SYSTEM

Presented by
KHATAL SACHIN SAUDAGAR

PIMPARI CHINCHAWAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PUNE

 WELCOME
TO
PRESENTATION
 CONTENTS
PART-A

INTRODUCTION TO FLUID MECHANICS

1)Definition of Fluid & Basics.

2)Difference in Behaviors of Solid & Fluid.

3)Basic Laws Governing Fluid Mechanics.

 INTRODUCTION TO FLUID MECHANICS

1) Definition of fluid & Basics

Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics that studies the mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas)
and the forces on them. It is the study of fluids at rest or in motion. It is a branch of continuum mechanics,
a subject which models matter without using the information that it is made out of atoms; that is, it models
matter from a macroscopic viewpoint rather than from microscopic.
 2)Difference in Behaviors of Solid & Fluid

A fluid in contact with a solid surface does not slip. It has the same velocity as that
surface because of the no-slip condition, an experimental fact. The amount of deformation of
the solid depends on the solid's modulus of rigidity. The rate of deformation of the fluid
depends on the fluid's viscosity μ. We refer to solids as being elastic and fluids as being
viscous. Substances which exhibits both springiness and friction; they are viscoelastic. Many
biological tissues are viscoelastic.
 3)Basic Laws Governing Fluid Mechanics

Analysis of any problem in fluid mechanics includes statement of the basic laws governing the fluid
motion.
The basic laws, which are applicable to any fluid, are
 
1) The conservation of mass.
 
2) Newton's second law of motion.
 
3) The principle of angular momentum.
 
4) The first law of thermodynamics.
 
5) The second law of thermodynamics. 
 PART-B

APPLICATION OF FLUID MECHANICS

IN MEDICAL FIELD

MAGNETICALLY MODULATED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

 INTRODUCTION

 Drug targeting- Delivery of drugs to receptors or organ or any other specific part of the
body exclusively.

 Magnetic Drug Targeting means the specific delivery of therapeutic agents to their desired
target area using magnetic field.
 
 Magnetic fields are believed to be harmless to biological systems and adaptable to any part
of the body.
 
 Magnetic particles composed of magnetite are well tolerated by body.
 PRINCIPAL

 In the process the drug is bound to the magnetic compound, injected in blood stream and
stopped with magnetic field in target area.
 
 Magnetic compounds used to bind to drug are such as magnetite, iron, nickel, cobalt,
neodymium, iron-boron.
 
 Magnetic drug delivery by particulate carriers is a very efficient method of delivering drug to a
localized disease site.
 
 Very high concentrations of chemotherapeutic or radiological agents can be achieved near the
target site, such as a tumour.
Up to 60% of injected does can be deposited & released in controlled manner in
selected organs.
 MECHANISM

 Magnetic drug transport technique is based on the fact that the drug can be either
encapsulated into a magnetic microsphere (or nanosphere) or conjugated on the surface of
the micro/nanosphere.

 When the magnetic carrier is intravenously administered, the accumulation take place
within area to which the magnetic field is applied.

 An external permanent magnetic field is applied on desired area to guide and concentrate
the drugs.
 MAGNETIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
 ADVANTAGES

 Harmless to biological systems and adaptable to any part of the body.

 
 Therapeutic responses in the target organs at only one tenth of the free drug dose.
 
 Controlled drug release within target issues for intervals of 30 min to 30 hrs.
 
 Decline in normal cell tissue damage rate.
 
 Minimizes side effects risk.
 
 This drug delivery system reduces circulating concentration of free drug by a factor of 100 or more.
 DISADVANTAGES

 Magnetic targeting is an expensive, technical approach and acquires specialized manufacture

and quality control system.

 It needs specialized magnet for targeting, advanced techniques for monitoring, and trained
personnel to perform procedures. 

 Magnet must have relatively constant gradients, in order to avoid focal over dosing with toxic
drugs.

 Drug cannot be targeted to deep seated organs in the body. Drug targeting can be done in
superficial tissue only like skin, superficial tumour or to joints only.
 MAGNETICALLY MODULATED
CARRIERS
 Following are the various MAGNETIC CARRIERS:-

1) Magnetic microsphere.
2) Magnetic liposomes.
3) Magnetic nanoparticles.
4) Magnetic resealed erythrocytes.
5) Magnetic emulsion.
6) Magnetic neutrophils.
A) MAGNETIC MICROSPHERE

 Magnetic microspheres are supramolecular particles that are small enough to circulate
through capillaries without producing embolic occlusion.

 They are having a particle size ranging from 1-1000µm.

 
 The loaded microspheres are introduced into a blood vessel, and in as little as half an hour,
they gather at the target site.
Evaluation parameters:-

 Particle size analysis.

 Micrometric properties. 
 Bulk Density.
 Tapped Density.
 Carr's Index.
 Hausner's Ratio. 
 Angle of Repose.
 Stability studies.
B) Magnetic liposomes

 Liposomes are simple microscopic vesicles in which lipid bilayer structures are present
with an aqueous volume entirely enclosed by a membrane, composed of lipid molecule.

 There are a number of components present in liposomes with phospholipids and

cholesterol being the main ingredients but in case of magneto liposomes magnetite is one
of the components of the liposomes.
C)Magnetic nanoparticles

 Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) possess unique magnetic properties and the ability to
function at the cellular and molecular level of biological interactions making them an
attractive platform.
 
 MNPs are now being developed for applications in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment
of malignant tumours, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disease.
 
 They can be synthesized using different methods like co-precipitation, thermal
decomposition and micro emulsion method.
D)Magnetic resealed erythrocytes

 Resealed erythrocytes have various advantages as drug carriers such as it is:-

 
A)Biodegradable. 
b) Biocompatible.
  C)Large quantity of variety of material can be encapsulated within small volume
of cell.
d) Can be utilized for organ targeting.

 Magnetic resealed erythrocytes contains ferrofluides (magnetite) along with loaded drugs
within the cell.
 APPLICATIONS
 Some of the application of magnetically modulated drug targeting especially tumour targeting along with
some other application are -
 
 Magnetic systems for the therapy of diseases.
 
a) Magnetic delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to liver tumours.
  b) Magnetic targeting of radioactivity.
c) Treatment of tumours with magnetically induced hyperthermia.
  d) Other magnetic targeting applications,
  e) Magnetic control of pharmacokinetic parameters and drug release.
 
 Magnetic systems for the diagnosis of diseases.
 
 Magnetic systems for magnetic cell separation.
 FUTURE PERSPECTIVE

 Conceptually, magnetic targeting is a very promising approach. However, there are a

number of physical, magnetism-related properties which require careful attention.

 First, the magnetic force, which is defined by its field and field gradient, needs to be large
and carefully shaped to fit the target area.

 Beside the magnetic properties, the fate of the particles in the body is an important
consideration both for local and systemic short- and long-term toxicity.
 CONCLUSION

 Magnetic Drug targeting is efficient & novel approach of drug targeting.

 Larger amount of freely circulating drug can be replaced by smaller amount of

magnetically targeted drug.

 It is a challenging area for future research in the drug targeting.

 More researches, long term toxicity study, and characterization will ensure the
improvement of magnetic drug delivery system.