Design of Steel Structure

(Rekayasa Struktur Baja)

WEEK 1

DANNY TRIPUTRA SETIAMANAH, ST., MT., M.Eng

dsetiamanah@gmail.com / +6281246319905

Politeknik Penerbangan Surabaya

Program Studi Teknik Bangunan dan Landasan
Overview
• 2 credits (1 theory, 1 practice)
• Lectures
• Self-centered learning
• Group Study
Timeline
• The Scope of Steel Structures
• Steel Structures Fundamental
• Tensile Member
• Compression Member MID
• Flexure Analysis of Steel Structures
• Steel Structures Connections
• Composite Structures FINAL

Time periode : 16 weeks

Books and Code
• Struktur Baja I – Marwan, Isdarmanu, Soewardojo (dalam proses revisi)
• Structural Steel Design – Jack C Mc. Cormac
• Structural Steel Design and Behavior – Salmon & Johnson
• SNI 03-1729-2015
• PPIUG 1983 atau SNI 03-1727-2017 / ASCE 7-05
• Tabel Profil Morrisco, Tabel profil khusus, Tabel profil pasaran, Tabel baut
Harus punya dan selalu
dibawa saat kuliah !
Introduction
Steel Structures Design and Behavior
Charles G. Salmon & John E. Johnson

STRUCTUAL DESIGN
Structural design may be defined as a mixture of art and science,
combining the experienced engineer’s intuitive feeling for the behavior
of the structure with a sound knowledge of the principles of statics,
dynamics, mechanics of materials and structural analysis, to produce a
safe economical structure.
Principles of Design
• Certain criteria that must be established to evaluate whether or not
an optimum has been achieved, typical criteria may be :
1.Minimum cost
2.Minimum weight
3.Minimum construction time
4.Minimum labor
5.Minimum cost of manufacture of owner’s product
6.Maximum efficiency of operation to owner
Design Procedure
• Functional design • Structural Framework Design

1.Adequate working areas and 1.Selection of the

clearances arrangement and sizes of
2.Proper ventilation and/or air structural element so that
conditioning service loads may be
3.Adequate transpotration safely carried, and
facilities, such as elevators, displacement are within
stairways and cranes or acceptable limits.
material handling equipment
4.Adequate lighting
5.Aesthetics
Design Procedure General Planning

Preliminary Structural
Configuration

Loading

Preliminary member
selection NOT
OK

Analysis

OK

Final Design
WEEK I - Overview
Steel Structures Design – Jack Mc Cormac
Struktur Baja I – Marwan, Isdarmanu, Soewardojo (ITS)
BRIDGE – Blue
Water Bridge (St.
Claire US – Canada)
http://www.midweststeel.com/projects/steel
-bridge-structural-steel-contractor.html
ELECTRICAL
TRANMISSION
TOWER – PLN
PURBALINGGA
http://id.geoview.info/gardu_induk_pln_pur
balingga,49441610p
Communication
Tower
http://nangkenne.blogspot.com/2013/02/ciri
-ciri-bts-indosat-telkomsel-dan-xl.html
http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2014/10/0
8/092612849/Desember-Telkomsel-
Operasikan-Jaringan-4G
OFFICE - China
http://www.havitsteelstructure.com/steel-
structure-office-buildings.html
WAREHOUSE
http://www.tanuwedsmanu.com/manfaat-
menggunakan-baja-untuk-bangunan-
gudang/
HOUSE - China
http://www.diytrade.com/china/pd/9606496/Light_steel_house.html
Rail Coal Crusher
Dokumen pribadi
Roller Coaster – The
Swarn - Britain’s
Thorpe Park
http://www.businessinsider.com.au/a-new-
british-roller-coaster-is-so-extreme-that-test-
dummies-returned-from-a-practice-run-
without-limbs-2012-2
Foundation pile
http://www.aeyates.co.uk/spi-appleton-ltd/services/steel-piling
STEEL RETAINING WALL
http://www.aeyates.co.uk/spi-appleton-ltd/harbours-and-waterways-projects/rnli-berth-retaining-wall-hartlepool
 Advantages of steel as structural material
1. High Strength : The high strength of steel per unit weight means that
structure weights will be small.
2. Uniformity : The property of steel do not change appreciably with times.
3. Elasticity : Steel behave closer to design assumption than most material
because it follows Hooke’s law
4. Permanence : Steel frame that are properly maintained will last indefinitely.
5. Ductility : The property of a material by which it can withstand extensive
deformation without failure under high tensile stresses is said to be its
ductility.

WEEK 1 - OVERVIEW
 Advantages of steel as structural
material
5. Fracture Toughness : the ability of steel absorb energy in large amounts.
6. Addition to Existing Structure: steel structure are quite well suited to have
additions made to them
7. Speed of erection
8. Ability to be rolled into a wide variety of sizes and shapes
9. Possible reuse after a structure is dissembled
10. Scrap value even though not reusable in its existing form

WEEK 1 - OVERVIEW
 Disadvantages of steel as structural material
1. Maintenance cost : Most steels are susceptible to corrosion when freely
exposed to air and water then must therefore to be periodically painted.
2. Fireproofing cost : Although structural members are incombustible, their
strength is tremendously reduced at temperature commonly reached in fires.
3. Susceptibility to Buckling: The longer and slenderer the compression
members, the greater and danger of buckling
4. Fatigue: when the tension is involved under a large number variation of cycle
tensile stress

BAB I - OVERVIEW
 Objectives of the Structural Designer
“As a structural designer we learn to control and to balance every part of
structure and make them easy and fast to assemble, strength enough and cheap”
• To get the objectives, we need to be supported with knowledges about:
1. Fabrication level
2. Standar shapes and dimension of steel frame
3. Transportation ability
4. Erection ability

WEEK 1 - OVERVIEW
 Safety Factor : Why do we need it?
• Deviation from material strength that were calculated. Deviation will be
greater if there are influence from: creep, corrosion and yielding.
• Deviation from assumption in calculation
• Unpredictable load
• Fabrication and assemble process that cause high : bent, hammered, sheared,
punched, welded
• Live load assumption based on technology development
• Assumption of live load and dead load
• Variation shapes or dimension of frame

WEEK 1 - OVERVIEW
 Safety Factor
• Type of load: fix or temporary load.
• Building function: Public or personal use.
• Function an element as a primary or secondary structure.

WEEK 1 - OVERVIEW
 Construction Failures
• Construction failures usually happen because of less of attention in :
connection detail, deflection, foundation and its deformation.

WEEK 1 - OVERVIEW
 Stress - Strain Relationship

WEEK 1 - OVERVIEW
Stress - Strain Relationship
 Steel Material Properties
Mechanical properties of structural steel:
Elastic Modulus: E = 200.000 MPa
Shear Modulus : G = 80.000 MPa
Poisson Ratio : ν = 0,3
Jenis Baja Tegangan putus Tegangan leleh Peregangan minimum
minimum, fu (MPa) minimum, fu (MPa) (%)

BJ 34 340 210 22

BJ 37 370 240 20

BJ 41 410 250 18

BJ 50 500 290 16

BJ 55 550 410 13

WEEK 1 - OVERVIEW
 Steel Material Properties
ASTM CODE Fy Fu
A36
A529
A441
A572
A242
A588
A852
A514
A53
A500
A992
A913

WEEK 1 - OVERVIEW
 SPESIFICATION AND CODE
• The important thing to remember about spesifications, therefore, is
that they are not written for the purpose of restricting engineers but
for the purpose of protecting the public.
• Example of specification: ASTM, JIS, SNI
• Example of code: AISC, ASCE, UBC, SNI

WEEK 1 - OVERVIEW
 LOADS
• Dead Load : loads of constant magnitude that remain in one position.
• Live Load : loads that may change in position and magnitude.
1.Area loads (due to people or machine)
2.Snow /Ice
3.Rain
4.Traffic
5.Impact load
6.Lateral load : Wind & Earth quake
7.Longitudinal loads: brakes load
8.Other life loads: soil pressures, static pressures, uplift pressures, blast loads, thermal
forces

WEEK 1 - OVERVIEW
 LOAD COMBINATION
Ultimate Load Combination Service Load Combination
• Strength • Deflection

Sesuaikan dengan SNI yang 1 Dead Load + 1 Live Load

ada, pada SNI 03-1729-
2015

WEEK 1 - OVERVIEW
 Calculation Method – Elastic
Method
• (ASD – Allowable Stress Design)
• (WSD – Working Stress Design)

Due to allowable working load that is designed, working stress have to be less than
allowable stress.
y
   SF (Safety Factor) = 1,50
SF

= permissible stress
 y stress
= useful
SF factor
= safety

WEEK 1 - OVERVIEW
 Calculation Method – Plastic Method (Collapse Design)
• Formed by : Ductile behavior of steel means that there are reserve
strength over the elastic strength .
• Design working load will be multiplied by load factor and will be
designed based on collapse strength.

WEEK 1 - OVERVIEW
 Calculation Method – LRFD (Load And Resistance Factor Design)

• Ultimate load (load x load factor) have to be less or equal than ultimate strength
structure.
• Based on Limit State Condition.

 i  Qi  Rn
i
= loadfactor
Qi
= load
Rn strength
= Nominal

BAB I - OVERVIEW
ASD vs LRFD

ASD LRFD
• Apply service loads to structure • Apply ultimate factored loads
• Evaluate force + stress using • Evaluate sectional demand using
linear material linear or yielded materials
• Design • Design
Allowable Stress Material > Max. Material Stress Factored Capacity > Factored Forces

STRESS LIMIT STATE

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE
THANK YOU