Presentation on Thermal Comfort 

and
Resistance 

Submitted to: Prof. Prakash Khude

Submitted by: Mohd Mushahid
In this presentation we will discuss about thermal
comfort, needs of thermal  comfort, basic factors,
mechanism of thermal comfort and different approach 
to thermal comfort.
Clothing comfort is a state of satisfaction indicating
physiological, psychological and  physical balance
among the person.

comfort is a pleasant state of physiological,

psychological, neuro-physiological and
physical harmony between a human being and the
environment.
There are two main factors that determine comfort
clothing:

External factors like the environmental temperature,

moisture, wind, cultural and social  influences which affect
the comfort in clothing.

Internal factors such as an individuals metabolic rate, level

of activities, economic and health  position, social
experiences, and psychological situations.
There are different approaches  in the development   of functional clothing
for improvement of thermal comfort.

The appropriate use of textile materials

Creativity in design and

Attachment of special wearable devices into the garment system.

Clothing thermal comfort relates to many different
factors of textile materials,  such as:
fiber types,

yarn type,

yarn smoothness,

fabric structure,

fabric thickness and

special material.
Use of single or multiple fabric layer(s) in the garment
construction:

the number of fabric layers also contributes to the thermal

insulation and moisture vapor  resistance of the clothing
system. In general, more layers create additional layers of
still air  resulting in higher thermal insulation and moisture
vapor resistance compared to a single layer  of fabrics.
Waterproof breathable fabrics:
It is consist of an outer layer called the “face fabric”,
usually made of nylon or polyester,  and a laminated
membrane or coating, usually made of ePTFE (expanded 
Polytetrafluoroethylene, also known as Teflon) or PU
(Polyurethane) which resist liquid water  passing through,
but allow water vapour to pass through.
Phase change material:
Substances that undergo the process of phase change are
also known as phase change  materials (PCMs). These
materials store, release or absorb heat as they oscillate
between  solid and liquid form, giving off heat as they
change to a solid state and absorbing it as they  return to a
liquid state.

Some PCMs change phases within a temperature range

that is just above and just below  human skin
temperature. This property now is being used in fabric
and foam to store body  heat and then release it when
needed.
There are some established way of garments design
basic for increasing thermal comfort.

Ventilated clothing.
ventilated garments having protective shield layers.
Garment ventilation apertures with cover flap.
Garment with structural vent.
garment with comprised of cords.
Ventilated clothing:
Vents are designed into the garments so the air space
between the skin and the inner
fabric layer changes over time, depending on the level of
activity and movement. This design
developed in away that body heat and moisture vapor can
be released through the pores.
Garment with comprised of cords:

This Garment design to increase the air circulation

between the skin surface and the  garment. To improve
air circulation at the body surface, garments are
designed to keep a  distance from the skin surface.

The garment was comprised of cords, comparatively open

warp knit fabric at the inner  surface of the garment. The
inventor placed the cords vertically and bound them with
the  base knit fabric to create a plies of vertical air
channels.
The HSE states that 20% of the workforce is in discomfort and
not working to their full  ability. There is big potential for this
field of garments thermal comfort.

In applying the different approaches for improving the thermal

comfort of clothing, the  designer should take a holistic view and
be creative in maximizing the functionality of the  garment without
compromising other important factors such as aesthetics, cost, etc.

So far work has been done for increase of thermal comfort is

used mostly in functional  purpose. There are huge area of
development in this subject.