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Cell Transport Mechanisms
Cell Transport Mechanisms
Mechanisms
Plasma Membrane
Overview
It serves as a barrier and a gateway between the
cytoplasm and its external environment.
It is selectively permeable - allows both the solvent
and the solutes to pass through it.
It is amphipathic - possess polar hydrophilic head
and non-polar hydrophobic tails.
The transport of substances into and out of the cell can be
classified in two ways:
Passive Active
Transport Transport
does not require ATP require energy ATP
energy
Sodium-
Diffusion Osmosis Exocytosis Endocytosis Potassium
Pump
vesicular transport
facilitated
Isotonic hypotonic hypertonic
diffusion
receptor-
phagocytosis pinocytosis
mediated
Passive Transport
• It is the net movement of
molecules from an area of high
concentration to an area of
lower concentration.
Gas exchange in the lungs of humans Gas exchange in the stomata of plant cells
Facilitated
Diffusion
• It has a carrier-mediated
transport (channel proteins)
of a solute through the
plasma membrane.
• Transports large molecules of
solutes such as glucose that
cannot pass through the
membrane.
Osmosis
It is the diffusion of water across the plasma membrane from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
The diffusion of water down its concentration gradient, through a
selectively permeable membrane that separates solutions with
different concentration of solutes.
Water Potential
Tonicity
measure of the
measure of strength
tendency of water to
of a solution in
move from one place
relation to osmosis
to another
Different Solutions to Describe Tonicity
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2-160110102135/95/movement-in-and-out-of-cells-38-638.jpg?cb=1452421401
Active Transport
• Moves large particles, droplets of fluid, or numerous molecules at once
through the membrane, contained in bulblike vesicles of membrane or
proteins.