DESIGN OF NON-INVASIVE

BLOOD UREA &

CREATININE METER

PREPARED BY:
HASEEB ASIF (20151-18973)
DANIYAL HUSSAIN (20181-23539)
M. ARHAM SIDDIQUI (20151-18830)
S. AMMAR UDDIN (20191-25212)
AHMED ALIYAN (20173-21772)
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Patients with Urea and Creatine imbalance are prone to Renal Disorders which can cause severe health
issues especially if patient is on dialysis. To manage Kidney health in such patient they need to observe
their Urea Creatinine level in blood regularly, which is being done invasively by doing veni puncture
which is painful for the patient, prone to infection and is costly for patient if doing regularly.
DO YOU KNOW WHAT UREA
AND CREATININE IS?
Urea and creatinine are nitrogenous end products of metabolism. urea is the primary
metabolite derived from dietary protein and tissue protein turnover. creatinine is the
product of muscle creatine catabolism. both are relatively small molecules (60 and 113
Daltons, respectively) that distribute throughout total body water.
Problems and Diseases caused by abnormal
Urea and Creatinine level

• Hyper creatinine level problems

• Hypo creatinine level problems
• Liver disease
• Muscle disease
Why urea and creatinine monitoring is
necessary?

Glomerular filtration rate:

The reasoning for the utilization of creatinine or urea estimation to evaluate renal capacity is that plasma/serum levels of
both reflect glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the boundary that characterizes kidney work for the clinician.

Acute Pancreatitis:
Estimation of serum/plasma urea has an incentive in the early (trauma center) appraisal of patients with intense
pancreatitis.

Hemodialysis:
Estimation of plasma/serum urea fixation has a since quite a while ago settled part in observing the sufficiency/portion of
irregular hemodialysis, the life-saving renal supplanting treatment for patients with end-stage renal infection.
Our Objective
The objective of this project is to provide a non-invasive approach to measure and monitor
concentration of Urea & Creatinine in blood. Contrary to the current invasive and painful methods of
measuring blood Urea & Creatinine levels, a non-invasive method provides as excellent and perhaps
more desirable alternative to present day technologies. To develop such a non-invasive Urea & Creatinine
concentration measurement instrumentation device, near-infrared light and its absorption depending on
various Urea & Creatinine concentrations will be examined.
Why Non-Invasive technique
is better?
 Utilizes Sensors
 No Skin Piercing
 No Contamination And Blood Loss
 Painless
 Prevents Infection
 Accurate
Comparison Of Invasive And Non-Invasive
Technology
SITES FOR NON-INVASIVE MONITORING
 Nasal septum
 Ear lobe
 Finger bed
 Through interstitial fluids from sweat gland.
POSSIBLE NON-INVASIVE TECHNIQUES

Infrared Spectroscopy
Infrared Spectroscopy is the analysis of infrared light interacting with a
molecule. This can be analyzed in three ways by measuring absorption,
emission, and reflection. The main use of this technique is in organic
and inorganic chemistry.
 Reverse Iontophoresis
Where Iontophoresis is the use of electric currents to deliver drugs
through the skin using electric currents, Reverse Iontophoresis takes
molecules out of the skin using electric currents.
Concept of our Device
Block Diagram
COMPONEN
TS
 PHOTO DETECTOR

Detector is mounted on the opposite side of

the finger. Sensitivity of a receiver is an
important attribute after its rated wavelength.
For an appreciable response, the detector
should highly linear and to be matched with
the transmitter’s wavelength. Preferably
phototransistor having sensing range of 900-
1000 nm meets the requirement.
 VOLTAGE REGULATOR

The L7805 of three-terminal positive regulators is

available packages and fixed output voltages of 5 volts,
making it useful in a wide range of applications. These
regulators can provide local on-card regulation,
eliminating the distribution problems associated with
single point regulation. In this device we are using 9 V
battery which have to be regulate to 5 V given as Vcc to
various components in the device including Light
emitting diode, phototransistor, operational Amplifier,
Analog to digital convertor, Microcontroller and LCD.
 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER

The signal from the filter is then fed to operational

amplifier, where the signal can be processed and
amplify with gain of twice. For achieving
excellent operating characteristic, we have chosen
OP-07. Non-Inverting configuration of
Operational Amplifier has been utilized in which
the output voltage changes in the same direction
as the input voltage. The input resistor and output
resistor is taken 1k, In order to achieve twice gain.
 DISPLAY

The Processed output is thus displayed on a LCD.

For portable and Précised Urea & creatinine meter
the LCD in interface to PIC. Two-line LCD
Display is chosen for this device to display
instruction to user as well as display appropriate
Urea level along with its unit, that is ‘Mg/Dl’.
CHOICE OF
WAVELENGTH
Short Wavelength near infrared
(640-1000 nm) spectra of
aqueous solution of Urea has
been monitored. The Observation
yields that maximum absorption
is occur in the range of 920-950
nm. So, the Selected wavelength
for device is 940 nm for non-
invasive Urea meter.
SIGNAL FLOWCHART
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 CONCLUSION

• Today, majority of the devices which are used to monitor blood urea and creatinine level are not automated and therefore
not convenient.

• The objective of our project was to design a device which could fill these gaps and is available in the market.
• Our device would ensure that there is no blood loss or contamination.
• The removal of cons of invasive methodology would improve the blood urea and creatinine level monitoring in the
patients.

• Our device would also help in the prevention and treatment of common diseases.
• Our device would also help in enabling patients to measure their blood urea creatinine level on their own or in
clinics/diagnostic center, without rupturing their skin and plunging out blood to reduce pain.

• If one can develop this circuit physically then it can be targeted to Hospitals, Diagnostic Centers, and household patients.